CNS

Questions around lubricant safety might finally get an answer

Global coalition of organizations and individuals calls for research agenda to determine safety of sexual lubricants
Over 500 organizations and individuals from nearly 60 countries have endorsed a Global Call to Action on Lubricant Safety. They all demand answers on whether sexual lubricants are safe for vaginal and anal intercourse. As the Call to Action points out, there are more questions than answers about the safety of sexual lubricants, and there are concerns that some of the products available on store shelves and at community-based organizations worldwide may actually cause harm.

To make an impact on new HIV infections globally, antiretroviral (ARV)-based HIV prevention strategies need to be closely tailored to local contexts and cultures, according to a new report released by RAND Europe and AIDS Foundation of Chicago. "Mapping Pathways: Developing Evidence-Based, People-Centred Strategies for the Use of Antiretrovirals as Prevention provides an important resource to help communities, prevention programmers, funders and policymakers decide whether, and how, an ARV-based strategy could work in their locality," said Jim Pickett, director of prevention advocacy at AIDS Foundation of Chicago and project director.

Results from the Bangkok Tenofovir Study published online in The Lancet provide additional evidence that daily oral tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces HIV infection risk when taken consistently. The results from the study - the first conducted among people who inject drugs - are consistent with previous studies among men and women primarily at risk of acquiring HIV through sex. They provide additional support for moving forward to ensure that people who can benefit from PrEP have access to it.

Okeoghene Oghenekaro, Nigeria
(First published in News Agency of Nigeria, on 5 June 2013): Dr Kingsley Osagie, a consultant physician/pulmonologist at the National Hospital, Abuja, believes that for every stick of cigarette smoked, between five and seven minutes of the smoker’s life are cut. Alarmist as this may sound, it is quite logical, as health experts also say that whenever a smoker takes a puff on a cigarette; he or she is gradually moving towards the grave. Osagie says that Nigerian men often start smoking earlier in life than women, adding that it is estimated that a smoker could lose up to seven to 14 years of his or her life-span because of the habit.

Dr Nomita Chandhiok,ICMR

Bobby Ramakant - CNS
We are, perhaps, more likely to use a single product to simultaneously protect ourselves against unintended pregnancies and a wide range of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV than to use different products to meet our specific needs. Multipurpose Prevention Technologies (MPTs) have been around for many years such as male and female condoms although their poor utilization has been of deep concern. There is a growing mandate globally to push for more investment in research and development of new, safe and effective MPTs. This makes more sense in terms of public health and getting most value of every dollar spent.

Bobby Ramakant - CNS
In the region of Asia and the Pacific - though there has been continued progress towards fulfilling the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action (PoA) – progress in sexual and reproductive health and rights and gender equality is unacceptably slow and inconsistent, calling for urgent prioritization and investment. The Asia Pacific Alliance for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (APA) launched a latest publication at Women Deliver 2013 to strengthen investments for sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in Asia and the Pacific. This publication, "Resource Flows for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Asia and the Pacific: Gaps and Opportunities" highlights the striking disparities both between and within countries in this region.

Surabhi Agarwal

(First published in The Hindustan Times on 5th June 2013): Despite acute power shortage in rural areas, varying levels of poverty and impoverishment, why is, government's heavily subsidized programme to encourage people in rural areas to install biogas and manure plants for renewable energy production, not an outstanding success? Engineer Surabhi Agarwal, MTech from IIT Kanpur, studied biogas plants installed in the past decade or more in four villages of Bharawan block in Hardoi district in 2013 to find the status of these plants, record experiences and challenges if any. She presented her study findings in a meeting held in Giri Institute of Development Studies in Lucknow.

Moses Wasamu, Kenya
(First published in The Star, Kenya on 27th May 2013): Asthma deaths will increase by almost 20 per cent in the next 10 years if urgent action is not taken, the World Health Organisation says. At the moment, WHO says over 80 per cent of asthma deaths occur in low and lower-middle income countries. Sharlene (not her real name), a Nairobi resident, understands the challenges associated with asthma only too well. She was diagnosed with asthma in childhood. Due to her condition, she cannot participate in vigorous activities like sports that require a lot of energy, or carry heavy loads.

Carolyn Kavita Tauro - CNS
'Tobacco kills nearly half its consumers'! “That can't be possible,” exclaimed Tesh (name changed) as his friend read out one of the new posters pasted at a bus stop. In most countries No Tobacco Day went by just like any other day, with probably just as many smokes up in flames. How much do we know about this much used substance Tobacco?

Types of Tobacco consumption

The different forms of consuming tobacco around the world include the cigarette, cigar, cigarillo and little cigar, dissolvable tobacco, electronic cigarette, beedi, roll your own, hookah, kreteks, the pipe, the french inhale and vaporiser, passive smoking and other forms of smokeless tobacco including paan, gutkha, mawa, chewable tobacco, snuff, snus, spit tobacco and dips among others.

[हिन्दी] Shailendra Kumar, a Masters student at Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, and Mudit Shukla, a volunteer with Lucknow-based organisation Asha Parivar, addressed a press conference at Lohia Mazdoor Bhawan on status of implementation of Section 4(1)(b) of the Right to Information Act, 2005, in Uttar Pradesh; and on the functioning of Janta Soochna Kendra (JSK or public information centres) respectively.

Kulsum Mustafa - CNS
In UP the child sex ratio is 904 per thousand and 899 for 0-6 years. The national figure is 954: Like in all other development indicators, Uttar Pradesh also lags behind in the child birth registration. While only 67.08% children in the state get their birth registered in the government records, out of this it is a very miniscule percentage which actually are issued the birth registration certificate. Unknown to the child and his parents this lack of data puts the child in the ‘invisible’ category and it becomes a big hurdle in getting a correct picture of the number of children born and living, greatly affecting planning. The process of registration is governed by the 1969 national Act of Registration of Births and Deaths.

Diana Wangari, Kenya
(First published in The Star, Kenya on 25 May 2013): By the time the cock crows, Sarah Wambui is already up and in the kitchen preparing breakfast. Contrary to the usual modern kitchen where tea is boiling on the cooker or for those fortunate enough, the coffee maker is on, she places her pot on top of three stones with firewood underneath which is her designated ‘cooker’. Furthermore, her kitchen is a mud hut built a few meters away from the main house perhaps to shield any guest from the thick smoke emanating from it. It is in this make shift kitchen that I found her busy blowing into the flame using a steel pipe to keep the fire going.

Bobby Ramakant - CNS
Women Deliver 2013 is re-energizing the global response to issues of women and girls but has it adequately addressed issues that are unique to the most marginalized women and girls? Supporters of Unzip the Lips feel that Women Deliver did not adequately address issues of HIV and key affected women and girls. CNS speaks with advocates of the Unzip the Lips on what some of these issues are. Who are key affected women and girls? The Unzip the Lips campaign defines key affected women and girls in the concentrated epidemic in Asia and the Pacific as including women and girls who are living with HIV, female sex workers, women and girls who use drugs, transgender women and girls, mobile and migrant women, female prisoners, women with disabilities, women in HIV sero-discordant relationships, as well as intimate female partners of men who engage in behaviours that put them at a higher risk of HIV infection.

Shobha Shukla - CNS
This year marks the 24th consecutive World No Tobacco Day (WNTD) in which the international community joins hands to bring attention to the tobacco industry’s underhanded tactics to thwart public health policy. The theme for World No Tobacco Day 2013 is: ban tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship with the view to curb tobacco industry’s aggressive tactics of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) to hook millions of new customers to this deadly product every year.

Nurul Islam Hasib, Bangladesh
(First published in bdnews24.com, Bangladesh on 28 May 2013): Global leaders, policymakers, experts and rights activists kicked off here on Tuesday the decade’s largest conference on girls and women’s health and rights. Bangladesh figured among the success stories showcased by the 'Women Deliver", whose 3rd conference was opened by Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak at Kuala Lumpur with more than 3,000 delegates from over 150 countries. 'Women Deliver' said Bangladesh had significantly reduced death-at-childbirth due to resources allocated by the government and NGOs “to support access to quality maternity care for the large number of women who deliver at home”.

Alice Tembe, Swaziland
Tobacco kills nearly six million people each year, of which more than 600 000 are non smokers, usually called second-hand-smokers (SHS), according to World Health Organization Fact Sheet Number 339, May 2013. It also notes that approximately one person dies every six seconds due to tobacco and accounts for one in ten adult deaths. Tobacco is a silent assassin, which is usually ignored by most health response programs because it takes several years between when a person starts using tobacco and when the health effects are felt. Further, most second hand smokers have minimal appreciation of the health risks caused by smoking and in particular SHS.

Bobby Ramakant - CNS
A new World Bank report released at Women Deliver 2013 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, demonstrates that investing in women’s reproductive health is smart economics. This report, formally called "Investing in women’s reproductive health: Closing the deadly gap between what we know and what we do", Jeni Klugman from World Bank said that women are important contributors to the global economy: about 40% of the global labour force and more than 60% of workers in agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa are women. Poor health reduces labour supply and contributes to lost wages, so improved reproductive health outcomes can increase female labour supply and productivity and therefore should be of great concern to policy makers.

Bobby Ramakant - CNS
[CNS Images from WD 2013]
222 million women in developing countries, who want to use modern contraception methods, are not able to have access to them. Meeting women's family planning needs would prevent 54 million unplanned pregnancies, 79,000 maternal deaths and 1.1 million infant deaths. There are other savings too, for every USD 1 spent on family planning saves countries USD 4 in areas such as education, healthcare, water and sanitation, said delegates at Women Deliver 2013.

Unzip The Lips, an Asia Pacific regional campaign supported by a range of organizations and networks, is gaining momentum as Women Deliver 2013 opened in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Unzip The Lips campaign made a six-point appeal to estimated 5000 delegates who are attending Women Deliver 2013.

Malaysian PM Haji Abdul Razak

Bobby Ramakant - CNS
A girl in Malaysia today is more likely to go to a university than a boy. “65% students enrolled in tertiary colleges are women” said Malaysian Prime Minister Dato' Sri Haji Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak at Women Deliver 2013. While many countries are grappling to bring down deaths of women during pregnancy and child birth, Malaysia’s maternal mortality rates have dipped down by nearly half today compared to what they were in 1990. And undoubtedly Malaysian economy is strong in the region (USD 1 = RM 2.84).

Diana Esther Wangari, Kenya
Mwololo is a ten year old girl from a Semitic community in Kenya. The little manyatta that serves as her home is inhabited by seven other children; her siblings and cousins. Temporary shelters, communal sharing of resources and caring for their herds is the way of life for this small nomadic group. With such fragile societal structures, the uniting factors remain to be their livestock and the healer. The healer is believed to be a person chosen by the gods and he could cure all diseases and more importantly he was able to read the skies and lead the community to greener pastures (literally) that could sustain their livestock.

Decriminalize and engage MSM and transgender populations in HIV responses

Shobha Shukla - CNS
In memory of the light and force in the struggle of gender justice and sexual rights, late Shivanand Khan OBE, we are reproducing what he said to CNS in the recent past:
[Audio podcast] Policies that criminalize same-sex behaviour and punitive laws continue to impede access to existing healthcare services for those at heightened risk of HIV such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender populations. The 10th International Congress on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific (10th ICAAP) is being organized in South Korea - a country where a lot more needs to be done to provide safe, supportive and dignified access to services for LGBT community. "South Korea doesn’t have a very good record regarding programming around sexual minorities and HIV. If you look at the data, one of the highest number of people dying among young LGBT people are here. There is a whole issue around shame and culture that impacts upon their lives. The government is not very responsive, and no education system exists on these issues" said Shivanand Khan, Chief Executive of Naz Foundation International and Co-Chair of Asia Pacific Coalition on Male sexual health (APCOM).

Shobha Shukla - CNS
In memory of the light and force in the struggle of gender justice and sexual rights, late Shivanand Khan OBE, we are reproducing what he said to CNS in the recent past:
[Audio podcast] Stigma within healthcare settings blocks access of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender populations to existing services to an alarming level. "The Asia Pacific Coalition on Male sexual health (APCOM) has been looking at this issue of stigma within healthcare settings which prevents people from accessing services and in fact kills people if nothing else. So what NFI and APCOM are doing is engaging more with the UN system, WHO, and other stakeholders to improve quality of education for the health sector, to engage in issues around health sector reforms and to improve services at grassroots level" said Shivananda Khan, Chief Executive of Naz Foundation International (NFI) and Co-Chair of Asia Pacific Coalition on Male sexual health (APCOM) at the 10th International Congress on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific (10th ICAAP) in Busan, South Korea.

Bernard Appiah, Ghana
(First published in Joy Online, Ghana on 17th May 2013): Many adults in Ghana with asthma—a disease that causes swelling of the airways of the lungs and thus make the airways become narrow—usually know very well such symptoms as wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing. But researchers trying to establish the factors that influence asthma in Ghana, especially in adults, have very little information on the disease. Most studies have focused on asthma among individuals aged 5 to 16 years and therefore very little information on risk factors associated with asthma among adults in Ghana is known, says Abena S. Amoah, principal Research Assistant at the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, and colleagues in a research to identify studies on asthma in Ghana.

Shobha Shukla - CNS
Pratima refused to finalize the marriage of her son till her husband agreed to construct a toilet in their house located in a Kanpur slum. She did not want her daughter-in-law to suffer the same fate of open defecation as she did. Sushma raised the banner of women’s education, persuading her illiterate slum neighbours to send their daughters to college. Against all odds, Urmila and her team mates prevailed upon their local corporator to build tiled roads in their waterlogged slum. Ashiya worked hard to get more toilets constructed and the sewer lines laid in her slum.

Gugulethu Nyazema, Zimbabwe
(First published in Daily News, Zimbabwe on 7th May 2013): ASTHMA is one of the most common chronic diseases and it is largely treated as private health matter not warranting public attention, said a local health expert, Manikai Nyandoro a local doctor said that asthma is slowing becoming prevalent among children and the chronic disease is treated mostly on an emergency basis. “The percentage of children reported for asthma has been increasing significantly. It is very much linked to the fact that they were not aware of these asthmatic conditions,” he said.

Special Report: Women and Tuberculosis - It's Impact on Nigerian Women living with HIV

Olufunke Osindele, Nigeria

(First published in Ogun Radio, Nigeria on 8th May 2013): As the world marked another International Women’s Day celebrated March 8 every year this gives the world opportunity to reflect on how to ensure equal rights and opportunities for women and girls in terms of access to healthcare, education and social ammenties. According to WHO Tuberculosis (TB), HIV/AIDS and maternal causes, are the three top killers of women of reproductive age globally. TB is a global health burden which countries are trying to control but the good news is that it is curable. It is one of the opportunitistic infections people living with HIV have to battle and this is never a pleasant experience for them especially the women folks.

Malawi struggles with asthma

Sam Banda Jnr, Malawi
(First published in The Daily Times, Malawi on 14th May 2013): The world on May 7 joined hands to commemorate the World Asthma Day, a disease that has suffered little attention despite millions of people in almost every region being affected. It is an issue of international concern and this is why an annual event is organised by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) to improve asthma awareness and care around the world.The theme for this year's commemoration was "You Can Control Your Asthma." However, this year GINA also introduced a sub-theme, "It's Time to Control Asthma."

The world’s largest open scientific conference on HIV/AIDS – the 7th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention (IAS 2013) will be held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 30 June-3 July 2013. Held every two years, the conference, which is one of the world´s leading open HIV scientific forums, provides a unique opportunity for the world’s leading scientists, clinicians, public health experts and community leaders to examine the latest developments in HIV-related research, and to explore how scientific advances can be translated quickly into effective interventions to prevent and treat HIV, particularly in low and middle-income countries.

Rahul Kumar Dwivedi - CNS
When there are evidence-based methods to control asthma effectively, then why is the disease burden growing over the past 30 years, particularly in the low- and middle- income countries? This fact is stated clearly in the Global Asthma Report 2011 published by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) and International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC).There is no doubt that much more needs to be done to effectively control asthma at all levels. Asthma is a chronic lung disease that affects 235 million people worldwide.This lifelong condition affects people of all ages, but increasingly more number of children are getting diagnosed with asthma.

Addressing the burden of asthma in Nigeria

Okeoghene Oghenekaro, Nigeria
(First published in News Agency of Nigeria (NAN), Nigeria on 6th May 2013): Priscilla, a 40-year-old public servant, has been living with asthma for the last 32 years. When Priscilla was first diagnosed of asthma, her grandmother called her an ogbanje because of the way she struggling to breathe. Narrating her story, Priscilla said that growing up was not easy, as she was hospitalised on several occasions. She stressed that she had to consciously avoid cats, dust, fur and feathers, recalling that her contacts with such objects usually triggered asthma attacks.

Call for better asthma treatment option

Paidamoyo Chipunza, Zimbabwe
(First published in The Herald Online, Zimbabwe on 9th May 2013): AN international organisation is calling for a range of effective asthma treatment to better manage the condition as the world commemorates World Asthma Day. World Asthma Day is commemorated every year on May 7. This year's commemorations are running under the theme: You can Control Your Asthma. Pharmacist and coordinator of the Asthma and Drug Facility with the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Mr Christophe Perrin said effective management of asthma requires two major drugs namely bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids.