India leads 11 Asian nations for a trillion dollars TB-fighting bill: World Bank

India leads 11 Asian nations for a trillion dollars TB-fighting bill: World Bank


India is leading the list of the eleven Asian nations facing the biggest tuberculosis burden. The new World Bank report, The Economic Benefit of Global Investments in Tuberculosis Control, estimates that these countries will be paying an astronomical amount of a trillion dollars over next ten years if they don’t invest and respond to TB control effectively.

TB continues to be the leading infectious killer of adults in Asia. The worst affected nations are China, India and Indonesia with two-thirds of world’s TB burden. It is also the biggest cause of death for people living with HIV (PLHIV).

TB high-burden countries like India could gain more from the money they spend on diagnosis and treatment of the disease if they invest in the Global Plan to Stop TB, to sharply reduce the numbers of TB-related deaths, said this World Bank report.

However India’s Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare, Dr Anbumani Ramadoss, while speaking at the recent 62nd National Conference on TB and Chest Diseases (NATCON) in New Delhi, didn’t talk about India’s contribution to The Global Plan to Stop TB – a timed and costed strategy to fight TB globally over the coming ten years (2006 – 2015).

Dr Ramadoss termed drug-resistant TB as a major challenge, and discouraged health practitioners from irrational use of first and second line anti-TB drugs. He emphasized on quality of TB treatment. The most effective means of preventing further resistance was by maintaining and improving the quality of treatment and, more importantly promoting rational use of anti-TB drugs, said Dr Ramadoss.

DOTS (the Directly Observed Treatment Short-course) strategy as per the Government of India’s Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) has not been sufficient to reduce the TB incidence, particularly in people living with HIV (PLHIV), and also due to emerging crisis of drug resistant TB.

Dr Ramadoss made no mention of how is India going to fight TB differently to improve the TB control efforts. He instead emphasised on the need to do more of DOTS. It is beyond doubt that poor programme performance of DOTS resulted in increase of drug resistance.

The economic impact of TB deaths and the benefits of TB control among 22 high-burden countries are greatest in China and India, where the combination of growing incomes and a relatively high number of TB deaths translates into a significant economic effect, according to this World Bank report.

Every additional US$1 spent on diagnosis and treatment in 14 of the 22 countries would generate more than US$5 in economic benefits from people who would be able to stay in the workforce, the World Bank study found. In Indonesia, the investment would result in a benefit of US$61 per US$1 spent, while in Thailand the investment would lead to a gain of US$53.

Despite recent gains in fighting TB, there were still 8.8 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths from the disease in 2005. Without treatment, two-thirds of smear-positive TB cases die within five to eight years, with most dying within 18 months of being infected.

Published in:
The Statesman, India
20 December 2007

Chattisgarh's purification hunt

Chhattisgarh’s purification hunt
Shubhranshu Choudhary

The state’s Adivasis are being treated like marionettes, as political, corporate and state-security interests seek to gain access to their land.


In early 2005, on a visit to Chhattisgarh, people kept telling me, “Tata is coming, something strange is going to happen.” It was not clear what exactly this obtuse prediction meant. But those vague murmurs turned to rumbles within just a few months. By June 2005, there was talk of a “spontaneous uprising” taking place against the Maoists. We were told that because the state’s Maoists had banned the collection of tendu leaves, used in bidi production, the people were in the process of “revolting”. It might have been an odd coincidence, but it was during that same month that two private companies, Tata and Essar, each signed memorandums of understanding with the Chhattisgarh government to set up massive steel projects in the state’s iron-rich Bastar District.

According to newspaper reports, people were gathering and marching from village to village, in an attempt to garner support against the Maoists. Local media accounts called it the start of another jan jagran abhiyan, a people’s-awakening movement. Despite the evidence of armed people taking part in these gatherings, newspapers were continuing to refer to what was taking place as a “peace movement”. Chief Minister Raman Singh and ‘supercop’ K P S Gill, Chhattisgarh’s former security adviser and the man who suppressed the Punjab insurgency, even went so far as to call the whole ordeal a Gandhian experiment.

Within days, the tone of the headlines had changed. While hearing about Maoist attacks on the Jan Jagran Abhiyan meetings, we suddenly also heard about villagers pouring into roadside camps that had been set up by the state – purportedly due to “fear of Maoist attacks”. By December, more than 15,000 people were living in those camps. By that time, the ‘movement’ had also been rechristened salwa judum, and local Congress party leader Mahendra Karma had taken up its leadership. Karma claimed that Salwa Judum meant ‘Peace March’ in the dialect of the Gond Adivasis, though some academics have said that a more accurate translation would be ‘Purification Hunt’.

That December, a report by the People’s Union of Civil Liberties included a damning accusation: that the Salwa Judum was not a spontaneous movement at all, but rather a government-sponsored programme. A report by the Communist Party of India (CPI) also stated that the Salwa Judum had been torching houses and killing people who refused to join them. Nonetheless, the local newspapers continued to describe what was going on as a spontaneous, peaceful people’s movement. Sitting in Delhi, it was certainly difficult to discern what was actually taking place.

Scorched-earth policy
Maoists, also called Naxalites, have been working to create a parallel power system in the Adivasi villages of the Bastar area for the past three decades. Starting very recently, however, a new phenomenon has been becoming increasingly clear. The traditional Adivasi leadership, whose authority was threatened by the new Maoist-created leadership (called sanghams), was making up the backbone of the Salwa Judum. Mahendra Karma himself came from an elite Adivasi family.

While visiting Dantewada District, also known as South Bastar, in February 2006, it became amply clear that it was in fact Salwa Judum members who were forcing people to move to the refugee camps – quite the opposite of what was being reported in the papers. In the camps I spoke with terrified people, many of whom backed up the findings of the CPI report: Salwa Judum members were going from village to village, forcing people to join with them. If the villagers refused to do so, they burnt their houses, even killing many who resisted. Nearly everyone in the camps told me that they wanted to go back home, but were too afraid of retaliation by the Salwa Judum. The state administration, meanwhile, was maintaining a familiar line: the people were remaining in the camps due to fear of the Maoists, and that they would go back once the Maoists were eliminated.

During a subsequent trip to Dantewada, the District Collector of Dantewada provided an official document called “Work Plan for People’s Jan Jagran Abhiyan 2005”. The pamphlet included a large number of details about the government’s support and plan to take the movement to new areas, but the mere presence of this literature led to a still more puzzling question: How could the government make a work plan for a ‘spontaneous’ people’s movement?

The ‘payback’ from the authorities for trying to do independent journalism seemed to be encapsulated in the experience of Kamlesh Painkra, an Adivasi journalist who had written in a local newspaper about the arson and killings by the Salwa Judum. Since doing so, he had lost his job; his brother, a teacher, had been thrown in jail on charges of being a Maoist supporter; and the rest of his family was living as refugees. Was what Kamlesh wrote true? Unfortunately, there was no time to investigate.

The strategy of systematically driving people into roadside camps actually has a name in English – “strategic hamleting”. Evidently, the same tactic had been tried in many other parts of the world during attempts to cut off guerrilla links to the populace. The same strategy had apparently been tried in Mizoram and Nagaland during the 1960s, but was a dismal failure. Instead of isolating the rebels, the killing of innocent villagers in aerial bombings and the forced eviction from their traditional villages engendered hostility towards the state, and generated more support for the rebel cause. Meanwhile, all of the police officers who were challenged denied that they were engaged in any ‘strategic hamleting’ whatsoever.

I tried to visit some of the villages that were said to have been razed by the Salwa Judum. But the roads to these villages were being blocked by the police and ‘Special Police Officers’, or SPOs, a shadowy group of civilians that the government had started recruiting for the Salwa Judum. Each member received a regular ‘salary’ of INR 1500. As such, no local would agree to accompany reporters to any burned-down village.

Eventually, however, two students from an Adivasi hostel in the state capital of Raipur, 500 km away, agreed to take me to their own village. They knew of an alternate route, where neither the police nor the SPOs would be waiting. After a long trek, we reached their village and witnessed the mayhem. People told us of repeated attacks by the Salwa Judum: They want us to leave the village and come to the camps. We ran away as soon as we saw them, but some of us were caught. By now, they have either been killed or been taken to the camps. These people were almost completely cut off from the outside world, and we saw sick patients who were unable to seek medical care for fear of the Salwa Judum. “We travel 80 km to get salt and oil,” said one elder. “We send old women and children to shops. We are frightened of the Salwa Judum: if they see us in the market, they will kill us.”

It was at this exact time that the Maoists publicly released a recording of an alleged conversation between the police chief of Bijapur, formerly part of Dantewada, and his subordinate. The police chief was reportedly heard saying, “Tell people that the state is giving three lakh rupees to those villages that join Salwa Judum. And if they do not do so, their villages will be burnt.” Later on in the same tape, the police chief orders, “And if you see any journalists, just kill them.” The government dismissed the tape as bogus, but some senior police officers later confirmed its authenticity, though off the record. Certainly, the government did not order any enquiry.

Tendu cover-up
During another visit to Dantewada, I came upon a group of fleeing villagers from Santoshpur, in neighbouring Bijapur District. They told us that members of both the Salwa Judum and the police had killed 12 people in their village. “Other than one, the other 11 had no connection whatsoever with the Maoists,” said one angrily. Families were also getting divided in this dirty war. One mother said, “My older son, who is now an SPO, came to kill my younger son, who is with the Maoists.” After our news reports become public, the state government ordered an enquiry into several of these and related events. But that probe merely found the culprits to be “unidentified people in uniform” –nothing but a veiled reference to Naxalites.

Still, a picture of what was actually happening was slowly emerging. We met a remarkable policeman who had been appointed to protect one of the camps. He claimed that his unit had killed 65 people during the previous three months, and his revelations were stark: “We do not know the language of the Adivasis. We accompany Salwa Judum to the villages. As soon as villagers see us, they run away. We kill whoever we get hold of. We are killing them like goats, like chickens, like ants, on orders from higher ups.” Here was a man clearly in turmoil amidst the state-mandated violence. “Please write about it,” he said. “I know I will be called for an enquiry, but I will tell my senior officers, ‘This is wrong, please stop it’.”

Running away has indeed become a widespread phenomenon in these affected areas of Chhattisgarh. We heard about terrified people leaving their villages in hordes, heading to neighbouring states. Though Chhattisgarh officials deny any such migration, the forest department of Andhra Pradesh has started burning the temporary houses of the displaced Adivasi camps. The High Court of Andhra Pradesh has recently ordered a stay on these forced evictions.

Sunil Kumar, a newspaper editor in Raipur, implies that there was much more to the current phase of anti-Maoist fighting than met the eye. “If you look at the timing of the start of Salwa Judum, it is not only the time of the MOUs with Tata and Essar, but it is also the time when an Adivasi was appointed the home minister of Chhattisgarh,” Kumar noted. “Salwa Judum is conceived and executed in the police headquarters. They knew it would result in bloodshed, and that is the reason they got an Adivasi appointed as home minister.” Following this intriguing correlation, there were other journalists who confirmed that they had received their initial tips on the start of the ‘spontaneous’ people’s movement from police sources. Thereafter, press notes continued to emanate from the fax numbers of police stations.

Few journalists seem to have managed, or bothered, to get to the bottom of the story. N R K Pillay is a veteran journalist based in Bastar who has tried. He says: “The so-called revolt against the Maoists in June 2005 was a combination of drought, a systematic siphoning of subsidised grain, and the rumour spread by a close associate of Mahendra Karma that Maoists have banned tendu-leaf collection. But the Maoists were merely demanding a better rate for the tendu leaf, and had never banned the collection.”

Qualms about tendu leaves notwithstanding, the industrialisation of Chhattisgarh continues apace. Chitranjan Bakshi, of the CPI, who led the first fact-finding team to investigate the Salwa Judum in September 2005, recalls intimations of a larger process afoot from the very beginning. “We wrote a letter to the prime minister but got no reply. Our national leaders raised it with Sonia Gandhi, but she remains unmoved. I wonder if it is the pressure of the companies who are going to gain at the end, when these Adivasis are pushed out of their lands.” Some CPI members have now gone to court with a list of 548 murders, 99 rapes and more than 3000 burnt houses, which they say were all perpetrated by the Salwa Judum. No police complaint was registered regarding a single one of these incidents.

Meanwhile, the work plan for 2006 handed out by the Dantewada District Collector said that Essar had been helping the state government to put up the roadside camps. The head of the state Planning Commission has announced that the government is now planning to turn these ‘temporary’ camps into permanent villages. Today, 59,000 people are said to be living in these camps. The government has now halted all provision for health, education and subsidised foodgrain in the original villages, on the deceptively simple explanation that all of the people are now living in the camps.

But even greater injustice lies in the fuzzy math behind these camps. The total population of this area was estimated at around 350,000. If 59,000 people are now living in the camps, then what has happened to the additional three lakh? Many may have fled outright, while many others are remaining in their villages – but both of these groups are currently almost entirely outside of the purview of the government.

Chhattisgarh is unique for the raising of the Salwa Judum as a vigilante force by the state to counter the rise of the Maoists – an attempt to pit locals against locals, and to absolve the authorities of the responsibilities of law and order. But if that much is clear, much else is not. Is this, after all is said and done, an attempt to get large companies access to mineral-rich areas that inconveniently happen to be inhabited by Adivasis? Is the Salwa Judum merely a strategy to fight Maoists, or it is it in truth the phenomenon that everyone was warning about three years ago, when they wondered, Tata is coming, what strange things are going to happen?


Published in: Himal South Asian

Photo credits: Dr Haneef, Shubhranshu Chaudhary

Nandigram: ANother challenge to democracy in India

Nandigram:

Another Challenge to Democracy in India

Arun Kumar, JNU

Nandigram has become a new symbol of partisonship of a state government and of the extent to which a Left party can act against people struggling for their rights. There are small and big Nandigrams taking place all over the country whether regarding the SEZs or the people’s resistance to displacement due to the corporate led development that the elite are vigorously pursuing.

CPI (M) in its confusion has chosen a model of development that is forcing it to join hands with big business and against its own constituency, the people. Nandigram shows that when a communist party pursues state capitalism, it can do so with vengeance. It can turn into an instrument to maintain itself in power. It may be asked whether there should be some limits to law enforcement against the people struggling to protect their democratic rights.

A Left party in a bourgeoisie democracy has, by definition, to be pro-poor. Not only do the poor need it but the party needs them to protect the democratic space it needs for its survival and growth. When such a party turns undemocratic under the pressures of its new found allies, no one is left to defend the democratic space and the party cannot survive as a pro poor party.

Nandigram represents the culmination of the process of weakening of the Left forces in the country, a process witnessed earlier in Europe and the rest of the world. The most visible example of this is the Labour Party in England and the Socialists in France. Even our own socialists in India can combine with either the BJP or the Congress (I), the dominant parties representing the interest of big business, to form governments at the Centre or in states like, UP and Bihar. As people’s resistance builds up, democracy in India will be further eroded by the ruling establishments as happened in Nandigram. That is why it is a watershed.

Today, the tragedy is that in spite of the struggles the people are involved in, when the elections come, who do the people vote for? For the same set of political parties and leaders who repress them – not voting would still get these people into power. The oppressors then claim legitimacy for their anti-people actions. The need of the hour is the creation of political alternatives to stop the erosion of democratic spaces by the existing political parties.

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Introduction

The recent turn of events in Nandigram have shocked many and perhaps it heralds the deep changes taking place in our politics. It is another watershed, like, the Emergency in 1975, the New Economic Policies launched in 1991 and the demolition of Babri Masjid in 1992. Each of them were a reflection of the ongoing changes in Indian society and led to realignments and shifts in the politics of the land. Each of them forced society to rethink and reassess critical aspects of our democracy. Events in Nandigram have shocked a large section of the supporters of the Left in the country. What has transpired there was not expected in a Left ruled state. Sensitivity to the people and their concerns was expected to be more than in non-Left ruled states. Was there an error of judgment on the part of those who expected better?

Nandigram also represents an increasing frequency of constitutional breakdown in the country with a ruling party taking the law into its own hands and making the state machinery stand by as a mute witness to the excesses of the cadres of the ruling party. The 1984 Sikh riots, Gujarat riots in 2002 and now Nandigram in 2007 twice over within a year point to this.

There is only a small gap between these events and those where the state apparatus itself commits excesses. For instance, in the case of the on going Selva Judum, firing on protesting tribals in Kalinga Nagar in Orissa and the brutal assault by the police on workers of Hero Honda in Gurgaon and on teachers in Punjab. The state machinery is either acting in a repressive fashion to help the establishment (the corporate sector and/or the ruling party) or looking the other way to enable the ruling party cadres to beat its opponents into submission.

Issues Thrown up for Consideration

The CM, the CPI (M) cadres and some defenders of the Party are arguing that what happened in Nandigram recently was `just’ since there is some kind of `fairness’ or even handedness in what happened in Nandigram. They argue that earlier the anti-CPI (M) people had chased away the CPI (M) supporters from their homes and now it is the other way around. They complain that the civil society groups had not raised their voices when the CPI (M) sympathisers were displaced in January 2007 and had to live as refugees for 10 months. And, that the displaced have the right to retaliate and recover their homes. In other words, the recent violence let loose by the CPI (M) cadres is justified. Is this adequate justification for the acts of omission and commission in Nandigram by the state? Are the Civil Rights activists being one sided in protesting the anti-CPI (M) people being chased away?

The West Bengal Governor who went public with his views about what was happening was criticised by not only the Government of West Bengal but also by liberals for constitutional impropriety. One may ask whether this view is correct? The answer to this may crucially depend on the answer to the question regarding the role government was expected to play in Nandigram since last year and not just in November 2007? This is also the key to understanding the criticism being leveled against the state government and the CPI (M).

Can the state act like a person? Is that not the implication when a Chief Minister suggests an eye for an eye? Do the events in Nandigram and responses to them from the ruling establishment suggest that our democracy faces a basic challenge? One may ask, which are the parties that presently support democracy and people’s rights irrespective of their own immediate gains and losses? Should this not be the yardstick for measuring commitment to democracy and the strength of our democracy?

The CPI (M) has argued that the SEZ issue was dead after the CM announced that it would not be set up in Nandigram. They ask, why were the people in Nandigram area being so militant as to not allow the CPI (M) supporters and the state administration to enter the area till the recent episode of forcible entry? They suggest a political design of the Trinamul Congress and the Maoists, to keep the CPI (M) out of the area. The issue is whether Nandigram represents mere posturing by the opposition or is there something more fundamental that is wrong?

Sequence of Events in Nandigram

To answer some of these questions, it is necessary to keep the sequence of the events in mind. A key fact is that before Nandigram became a `war zone’ it was dominated by the CPI (M) and the party cadres in large numbers turned against the party on the issue of creation of SEZ in that area. People obviously did not want to lose their land, their principal source of livelihood.

Based on the Final Report of the Peoples’ Tribunal on Nandigram, dated August 8, 2007, the following sequence of events emerges:

The issuing of the notice on December 28, 2006 by the Haldia Development Authority identifying 25,000 acres of land for acquisition provoked a reaction. The violence started on January 3, 2007 with a clash between the police and the protestors. To prevent the police and the local administration from entering the area, the people set up blockades. Clashes with the pro government groups started and some of them had to move to the nearby Khejuri town, a stronghold of the ruling party. On January 5, the various groups like the Congress, Trinamul Congress and SUCI formed the Bhumi Ucched Pratirodh Committee (BUPC). On January 7, the CPI (M) cadres tried to recapture lost ground and attacked the villagers. In turn, the villagers attacked the CPI (M) cadres. The CM admitted that there was a mistake by the Haldia Development Authority in issuing a notice notifying the land. Yet, on Feb 12, 2007, the Chairperson of the Authority, a CPI (M) MP, again stated that the land would be acquired.

The situation kept on deteriorating till the attack on the villagers by the police and the CPI (M) cadres on March 14, 2007. Many died, still more went missing and a large number of people were injured. Women complained of rape and molestation. People complained of the partisan attitude of the administration and even of the hospitals and doctors not giving adequate care to the injured.

The Governor was constrained to issue a statement expressing concern at the brutality. The Calcutta High Court issued an order stating that the action of the police was unconstitutional and called for a special CBI inquiry. Seeing the people’s resistance, the CM announced that the SEZ would be shifted from Nandigram. Yet, the local people fearing that this was only a stratagem to recapture the area so that the cadres in connivance with the authorities could again move against them did not relent. Clearly, the CPI (M) had lost credibility with the citizens residing in Nandigram.

Few attempts were made to restore the lost confidence; instead, the CPI (M) cadres using their base in Khejuri kept up armed attacks in the hope of cowing down the local population. Reports of clashes continued all through till the big push in early November which has been termed as `recapture’ and which made the State’s home secretary call the area a `war zone’. The CPI (M) party machine moved through goons and its local cadres. The state apparatus connived by remaining passive to allow the cadres to regain control through violence.

When the citizen’s group led by Ms Patkar tried to reach the area at the height of the attack by the goons, they were roughed up and turned back while the police escort looked by passively. The media was kept away till the area was recaptured. The area was informally kept out of bounds so that no news could trickle out and embarrass the government.

A large number of former CPI (M) supporters in Kolkata and elsewhere, shocked by these patently anti-people actions, spontaneously came out to oppose what was going on in Nandigram. The question is why has the CPI (M) not realized that had it not followed anti-people policies in Nandigram (and earlier in Singur) it would not have lost the confidence of large numbers of people (all over the country)?

The Issue of `Even Handedness’

As the description of the unfolding events in Nandigram in the last year and more suggests, the issue is not only complex but cannot be understand in the abstract or in brief. It is not just an issue of some people simply regaining control over their home and hearth from which they had earlier been driven out by some anti-social elements. The issue is one of democratic functioning in the state and the revolt of the people of Nandigram against an insensitive party and an administration coerced by the dominant party in power to act in a partisan manner. Those who revolted against the CPI (M) were its former members who know how the party functions and who did not trust it anymore. The issue is then not one of `even handedness’ but of people losing faith in the leadership, a breakdown of democracy and a loss of credibility of the state administration. This required not a sledge hammer or a `tit for tat’ approach but the revival of the political process. The objection of the civil society groups has been to the nature of state intervention (or lack of it) which was anti-people and in favour of the CPI (M) cadres. The objection was also to an informal curfew in the area so that the citizen’s groups and media were prevented from visiting the area.

The government asked for CRPF deployment but that was curiously delayed till the `recapture’ had taken place, leading to the suspicion that it was deliberate. A Central government heavily dependent on the Left for its survival was seen to be compliant. The negotiations on the nuclear deal stalled due to the objections of the Left parties was another reason why the Center was suspected to have played ball. The CM’s justification for what happened on the grounds of `a tit for tat’ made matters worse. It established two things. One that the CPI (M) cadres had attacked the people of Nandigram and secondly that the state administration under a partisan CM played a role enabling the `recapture’ to take place.

Apologists of the CPI (M) arguing that the citizen’s groups did not have a right to protest now since they were quiet when the CPI (M) cadres were chased out of their homes in January miss the point of the protest. The protest is against the breakdown of the democratic process and misuse of the state administration by the ruling party. In a democracy, there can be no justification for the state not to act to protect its citizens. This is true when the CPI (M) supporters were chased out of their home and hearth earlier and also when now its opponents are thrown out of their homes. However, there is an asymmetry between what happened earlier when the CPI (M) cadres were chased out and what has happened now. Both the times the state government acted in a partisan manner in favour of the cadres of the ruling party. Earlier it could not prevent the occurrence because the vast majority of the people had turned against the cadres and the state administration. The displacement then was in spite of the support of the state administration to those displaced and now it is because of the role played by the state administration. Earlier the state administration acted against the majority but could not help the minority and this time it helped the minority by enabling it to cow down the majority through a well planned and brutal attack.

Both the times, the vast majority of the people suffered due to the partisanship of the state government and no `even handedness’ can be claimed. It is for this reason, an unprecedented one, that the Governor was constrained to speak out. The partisan role of the state administration and the CM meant that there was a constitutional breakdown. It is precisely under these conditions that the Governor must speak out and let the people know what is going on and publicly ask the administration to not act in a partisan way. It is clear that in his judgment, a private communication to the CM who by his own admission was acting in a partisan manner would have had little effect and the people would have continued to suffer. Many a hardened and cynical politicians and bureaucrats as governors would have kept quiet but the present Governor of West Bengal has done a service to our democracy by creating a new precedent.

In brief, neither the state government nor the CPI (M) have acted `even handedly’. This was also irrelevant for the civil society groups protesting against the attack on the people of Nandigram. Further, since the time the CM announced that there would be no SEZ in Nandigram, the issue has not been SEZ even though people still do not trust the administration. Anyone raising this point is missing the issue of loss of faith in the party and the state administration and this is also reflected in the Governor’s apparently unconstitutional actions.

Erosion of Democracy

The local people and those who know say that the CPM is raising the bogey of Maoists to give legitimacy to the actions of its cadres. In a democracy, the opposition is expected to highlight the disaffection of the population against the ruling party. Is the CPI (M) from now on not going to highlight the problems faced by the people due to the misrule of, say, the Congress (I)? By raising the bogey of the Maoists, the CPI (M) cannot absolve itself of its anti-people acts in Nandigram. The party needs to ask why its supporters became its opponents?

The accusation regarding lack of `even-handedness’ or fairness amongst the critics is akin to the argument against the civil society groups when they demand that in the case of any accused (be it a terrorist) civil rights must be respected by the state. The argument has been, as any democrat would argue, that while an individual or a group may take the law into their hand, the state cannot and should not do so since it is the custodian of the law. If it is seen to be acting in an arbitrary manner then it would only justify the illegal actions of those it seeks to act against and democracy would be eroded.

Ashok Aggrawal, the civil rights lawyer in an e-mail dated November 26, 2007 to the e-group on Article 21, has argued that:

“ … we need to discuss the nature of the 'rule of law' that permits the State a monopoly over violence and declares all those who resist the violence (or come to the aid of the resisters) lawbreakers. If this is the meaning of 'rule of law' then I see no reason to prefer it to the 'rule of men' that it supplanted, in the name of liberty, equality and fraternity. At least feudal regimes did not pretend to be acting for the welfare of the citizens while devastating their lives.”

The citizens groups and critics of CPI (M) are perturbed by not only what the CPI (M) cadres did but even more so with the acts of omission and commission of the state government. The CPI (M), a progressive force in the country, that has participated in or has led many a democratic struggles of the people, was not expected to be anti-people even if its own cadres were at the receiving end. It was expected to deal with a political issue with sensitivity and not in a ham handed manner. As the dominant party in the coalition ruling the state, it was expected to play a pro-people role and use the state administration to keep matters under control rather than use it in a partisan manner.

After the events in Singur and Nandigram, it maybe pertinent to ask what is the nature of democracy in West Bengal? Do people still matter to the government and the ruling party? Cynically, one may say that they never did and the party only kept up a façade. However, there may be other possibilities, as discussed in the next section.

Today the people of Nandigram are terrorized and those who have visited the area say that there is a deathly silence. People are often afraid to talk since they fear reprisals. Nandigram is a symbol of growing criminalization of our politics. The ruling party is using goons to settle scores rather than reviving the political process to win back the trust of the people. The people of Nandigram would not have turned against CPI (M) in January 2007 if they were sure that the political process would be duly followed. The unfolding events have proved them to be correct in their assessment when they acted against the CPI (M) cadres. The statements from the CPI (M) leadership exposed their attitude. For instance, one leader suggested that the people opposing them were like `insects to be crushed’ (kire makore). Another national leader suggested just a few days before the push to `recapture’ the area in November that the opponents be administered `Dum Dum Dawai’. No wonder the isolation of the Left parties in the area is such that the local MLA did not visit the area.

The strong arm tactics adopted by the CPI (M) is not only to teach the people a lesson and send a message to others that if they oppose the party they would also meet the same fate but has a link with the coming Panchayat elections in May 2008. The party must be worried at the erosion of its base in rural areas. A successful challenge in one area, through a domino effect, can lead to losses elsewhere, where coercion has been used to maintain the vote banks.

Finally, reports suggest that the BUP Committee is not just Trinamul or Maoists but a People’s movement. It s another matter that in the national context they need support and that is why Trinamul may have an influence on the movement or that for defending themselves there may be some arms provided by the Maoists. However, the evidence on the latter is thin and even the Home Secretary had initially said that there was no evidence of presence of Maoists in the area. The key issue is why did the situation move in the direction it did? Clearly, it was the failure of the CPI (M) to act democratically and of the state administration to do its duty that led to the situation becoming so complex. The Judiciary has also taken note of the partisan functioning of the state machinery.

The Ideological confusion

A deeper underlying cause of what has transpired in Nandigram (and earlier in Singur) is that the CPI (M) is in a confused state with few principles left to guide its actions. Ideology is being given a go bye for expediency so that narrow considerations dominate. On the one hand, there is the anti secular grouping which needs to be kept at bay and, on the other hand, there is the Congress (I) led alliance which is following a right wing agenda and making India into an ally of the USA and thereby undermining the base of the Left parties.

On the economic front, it does not have a development path of its own which it could follow. Hence mistakes are repeatedly being made. For instance, faced with difficulty in W. Bengal, it is willing to dilute its stated understanding on the Nuclear issue and on which it was even willing to let the UPA government fall. Is it that for the sake of holding on to power it is willing to sacrifice the interest of the Indian people?

The government’s choice of Salim group of company to invest in the chemical hub at Nandigram also reflects this confusion. The group is owned by people who have the reputation of using sharp practices and whose civil rights record is abysmal. They are reported to be involved in the investment of illegal funds of the rulers. Is it not likely that similar practices would be used in India also and more specifically in West Bengal. What does this imply for the CPI (M)’s ideological commitment?

The West Bengal government’s push for SEZs is a reflection of its confusion about the development path that would be consistent with its ideology. In the name of development, it has become anti-people in West Bengal. It is equating industrialization with big business and large scale industry. Any one suggesting an alternative is dubbed as anti-industry. Many have shown this path to lead to large scale displacement and loss of jobs but the party insists that this is the route to jobs. The trajectory being followed is similar to that being pursued by the non-Left parties in other states (and what the World bank has been propagating). None of them are consulting the people and nor is the CPI (M). It is increasingly behaving like an establishment party - hobnobbing with capitalists and unconcerned with the interests of the people.

The party has compromised on the issue of path of economic development. The CM is the darling of the corporate media and the PM seems to approach him when he wishes to soften the supposedly tough line of the Party General Secretary. Rather than posing alternatives to the anti people policies being followed in the country, it is now following them. The party’s confusion can be traced to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the success of a capitalist China - so much for independent thinking.

In brief, it is in the situation itself that a ruling Left party that implements the path of capitalist neo-liberal agenda of development will sooner or later turn anti-people. It will have to discipline people’s opposition to the exploitation by big capital, like, Haryana acted against the workers of Hero Honda. It will have to keep trade unions under a tight leash, like, preventing the formation of unions in the IT sector. However, where it is not ruling, it can afford to adopt a more democratic posture (like, currently at the Centre). This dual role leads some to argue that the CPI (M)’s democratic credentials should not be questioned since its support is required for the fight for democracy and against globalization. In the present context such possibilities are getting circumscribed by the pressures on the party to be a ruling party (as is clear from the issue of SEZs).

Conclusion

Nandigram has become a new symbol of partisonship of a state government and of the extent to which a Left party can act against people struggling for their rights. There are small and big Nandigrams taking place all over the country whether regarding the SEZs or the people’s resistance to displacement due to the corporate led development that the elite are vigorously pursuing.

CPI (M) in its confusion has chosen a model of development that is forcing it to join hands with big business and against its own constituency, the people. Nandigram shows that when a communist party pursues state capitalism, it can do so with vengeance. It can turn into an instrument to maintain itself in power. It may be asked whether there should be some limits to law enforcement against the people struggling to protect their democratic rights.

A Left party in a bourgeoisie democracy has, by definition, to be pro-poor. Not only do the poor need it but the party needs them to protect the democratic space it needs for its survival and growth. When such a party turns undemocratic under the pressures of its new found allies, no one is left to defend the democratic space and the party cannot survive as a pro poor party.

Nandigram represents the culmination of the process of weakening of the Left forces in the country, a process witnessed earlier in Europe and the rest of the world. The most visible example of this is the Labour Party in England and the Socialists in France. Even our own socialists in India can combine with either the BJP or the Congress (I), the dominant parties representing the interest of big business, to form governments at the Centre or in states like, UP and Bihar. As people’s resistance builds up, democracy in India will be further eroded by the ruling establishments as happened in Nandigram. That is why it is a watershed.

Today, the tragedy is that in spite of the struggles the people are involved in, when the elections come, who do the people vote for? For the same set of political parties and leaders who repress them – not voting would still get these people into power. The oppressors then claim legitimacy for their anti-people actions. The need of the hour is the creation of political alternatives to stop the erosion of democratic spaces by the existing political parties.

Arun Kumar
CESP, SSS, JNU, N Delhi 110067
Tele No. 26704452 (D) & 26704421 (O)
Res: 18, Dakshinapuram, JNU
       N Delhi 110067
Tele Nos. 26741587, 26742029.
e-mail IDs: arunkumar@mail.jnu.ac.in,
nuramarku@gmail.com, arunkumar1000@hotmail.com

arunkumar1000@hotmail.com.

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Rerport: Social audit in Behender block, hardoi district

Report

SOCIAL AUDIT
of
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS)
in Behender block, Hardoi district, UP

Conducted by Asha Parivar during 29 May to 5 June 2007

(1) The common villagers are not quite aware of the NREGA. In most cases even the Gram Pradhans are not aware about the legal rights of the people under this Act.

(2) Even if the Gram Pradhan, Village Development Officer or the Panchayat Mitra are aware about the Act, they do not educate the people. For example, they do not encourage people to apply for the Job Cards or for seeking work.

JOB CARDS

(3) Most of the workers do not possess the Job Cards. They are normally with the Gram Pradhans or the Village Development Officers. Sometimes the villagers are not even aware of the fact that Job Cards exist in their names. In Village Panchayat Atuka people complained that even though they had applied for Job Cards they were not getting them. In Village Panchayat Hiya 12 villagers complained that their Job Cards were taken away from them. In Village Panchayat Bada Gaon 15 villagers have given a written complaint that inspite of asking they were not being given the Job Cards. In Village Panchayat Hiya 12 villagers gave a written complaint that their Job Cards were taken away from them.

(4) The photographs on Job Cards have been invariably affixed with people's own money even though the cost was to be borne by the government. Names of not all the adult family members desirous ofworking, especially females, have been mentioned on the Job Cards.

(5) In a number of Panchayats Job Cards have been issued to only families close to the Gram Pradhan. Often these families do not require work under the NREGS. Genuine job seekers are not given Job Cards. As a result there is no official demand for work.

MUSTER ROLLS

(6) The number of days mentioned on Muster Rolls, as can be seen from detailed reports from social audits in village panchayats, are often exaggerated, siphoning off wages in the name of ignorant and unsuspecting people by putting their fake thumb impressions. Muster Rolls are hidden from the people in violation of the NREGA. Similarly, the payment of wages is not done at the work site in violation of the law.

BIAS AGAINST WOMEN AND DIFFERENTLY ABLED

(7) There is clear gender bias in allotment of work. The names of adult female members of the family desirous of doing work are not mentioned on the Job Cards nor do they get work even if they demand it.

(8) Similarly, the physically and mentally challenged individuals were also being discriminated against in allotment of work.

MINIMUM WAGES

(9) Complaints were received from workers in Village Panchayats Bidaura, Birauli, Hasanapur, Raison, Kahchari about non-payment of minimum wages. Only Rs. 50 or Rs. 55 per day were paid.

MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES

(10) According to the law the works should be chosen keeping in mind the developmental requirements and need for providing employment to the people. However, in reality, it is the people's representatives and government employees who arbitrarily decide the priorities
to suit their vested interests.

(11) In a number of cases, old works were shown as new performed under NREGS.

(12) The Panchayat Mitras who have been appointed to help in the implementation of the NREGS are not being assigned their task properly. Some of them have not even seen Muster Rolls. It appears that the Gram Pradhan and Village Development Officers are avoiding involving the Panchayat Mitras in the task of implementing the NREGS properly.

(13) Drinking water, shade and first aid medical facilities were missing at most of the work sites. So were the boards describing the work at site.

(14) Contractors are still playing an important role in the execution of works even though the NREGA has prohibited them.

(15) In Village Panchayats Akbarpur Talhu, Atuka, Bada Gaon, Gauri Damampur, Kudauni, Raison, Samodha the elected Gram Pradhan was not performing the duty. In most cases husbands, sons, former masters or some other closely related men of Gram Pradhans were seen to be acting on behalf of the actual Pradhan.To read complete report, click here


Jagdish Verma, Ram Sagar Verma, Neelkamal, Keshav Chand, Jaishankar, Ram Bharose, Bhagwandeen, Chandralekha, Suman Gautam, Rambabu, Gayadeen Bharti, Ashok Bharti, Yeshwant Rao, Virendra Singh, Karan Singh, Jitendra Dixit, Srinivas, Ram Naresh, Kamal Kishore, Vinay Kumar, Mahendra Yadav, Chunni Lal, Manoj, Ajay Patel, Usha, Mahesh, Arundhati Dhuru, Sandeep

Asha Parivar

A-893, Indira Nagar, Lucknow-226016

Ph: 0522 2347365, M: 9415022772,

e-mail: ashaashram@yahoo.com

*******

NREGS SOCIAL AUDIT – BEHENDER BLOCK OF HARDOI DISTRICT

29TH MAY TO 5TH JUNE 2007

Conducted by Asha Parivar

Report from field

1. Village Panchayat Akbarpur Talhu. The Muster Rolls for two works, link road from Pohkar’s orchard to Makka Kheda and from Babu’s house to Bahlolpur-Nasu road via Lord Shankar temple were found to be fake as these works have been performed earlier. Thus amounts spent on these works, Rs. 16,240 and Rs. 22,736, respectively, have been embezzled completely. All the Job Cards are with the Gram Pradhan. Chandra Kali Devi, the Gram Pradhan, doesn’t look after the Panchayat work herself. Gram Pradhan’s men terrified the workers so that no one was willing to speak out.

2. Village Panchayat Alawalpur. Because of lack of information not a single application for seeking work was filed by the villagers. No job cards have been made for women and disabled people. People have affixed the photographs on Job Cards at their own expense. Description boards about work, first aid medical facilities and Muster Rolls, in violation of the NREGA, were missing from the work site.

Name of work: Earth work from Sripal’s house to canal.

S.N. Name of villager No. Of actual days No. of days on Muster Roll Comments

1. Ismail s/o Basheer 11 13

2. Nabbo s/o Rakho 12 14

3. Tejpal s/o Ayodhya Prasad 7 14

4. Jameel s/o Khursheed 10 12

5. Irfan s/o Muneer 11 13

6. Husseini s/o Mecca 10 14

7. Santosh s/o Cheda 7 14

8. Asharam s/o Chabile 11 14

9. Vasudev s/o Ramautar 7 13

10. Razzak s/o Mushahib 6 14

11. Shyam Sundar s/o Chabile 7 14

12. Vikram s/o Badlu 10 13

13. Ram Krishan s/o Bhikhari 12 14

14. Beche Lal s/o Param 14 16

15. Natha s/o Badlu 10 12

16. Bhagwandin s/o Raghuwar 11 13

17. Mahmood Ali s/o Mehboob Ali 12 14

18. Rudan s/o Choti 10 13

19. Sripal s/o Bhikhari 11 14

20. Makhan s/o Subba 12 14

21. Rohan s/o Bhudhar 7 11

Name of work: Link Road from Idgah to Gausapur.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on Muster Roll Comments

1. Vikram s/o Narpat 10 20

2. Suresh s/o Sitaram 12 19

3. Niranjan Pal s/o Mulai 16 20

4. Karimullah s/o Rahman 10 13

5. Ismail s/o Wazeer 14 19

6. Minoo s/o Roshan 15 19

7. Om Prakash s/o Makhan 16 20

8. Hari Shankar s/o Makhan 12 18

9. Babu s/o Bahadur 14 20

10. Lal Mohammad s/o Raza Hassain 14 20

11. Nabbo s/o Rakho 14 18

12. Tejpal s/o Ayodhya 10 17

13. Jameel s/o Khursheed 15 17

14. Irfan s/o Muneer 12 19

15. Husseini s/o Mecca 14 19

16. Dwarika Prasad s/o Manohar 13 19

17. Santosh s/o Cheda 17 19

18. Asharam s/o Chabile 18 20

19. Vasudev s/o Ram Autar 12 18

20. Razzak s/o Mushahib 18 20

21. Babu s/o Bhabhuti 12 19

22. Shyam Sundar s/o Atar Chand 13 18

23. Vikram s/o Badlu 13 20

24. Chotkau s/o Khagga 15 17

25. Ram Kishan s/o Bhikhari 9 17

26. Beche Lal s/o Param 14 20

27. Bhagwandin s/o Raghuwar 14 17

28. Mahmood Ali s/o Mehboob Ali 13 20

29. Rudan s/o Choti 15 20

30. Sripal s/o Bhikhari 15 20

31. Makhan s/o Subba 18 20

3. Village Panchayat Asahi Azampur. People had given their photographs to the Gram Pradhan but most of them aren’t sure whether their Job Cards have been made. They have neither received the money for their photographs.

Name of works: Link road from Razzak Kheda to Pakhar Pati and link road from Razzak Kheda tri-crossing to Hasnapur.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Ram Gopal s/o Bihari 0 41 Inspite of giving his photo didn’t get JC. Thumb impression on MR even though can sign.

2. Rajaram s/o Makhan 0 41 Died in Sept. ’06 even then name shown on MR.

3. Ram Swaroop s/o Makhan 0 37 Wasn’t aware of a JC in his name.

4. Ghasite s/o Dhanna 10 39 JC with Gram Pradhan

5. Lokai s/o Dhanna 13 41 JC with Gram Pradhan

6. Ram Prasad s/o Dhanna 8 41 Son worked for 8 days. Got Rs. 50 per day.

7. Ratan Lal s/o Hemnath 0 41 Thumb impression on MR even though can sign.

8. Mansa Ram s/o Ranjeet 0 10 Wasn’t aware of JC in his name.

9. Munshilal s/o Prabhu 27 Inspite of giving Rs. 20 for the photograph didn’t get the JC.

10. Raju s/o Pritam 30 Inspite of giving his photo didn’t get JC.

11. Ram Naresh s/o Bhanu 15 Inspite of giving his photo one year ago didn’t get JC.

12. Rakesh s/o Shyam Lal 15 Doesn’t have JC.

13. Devendra s/o Bihari 30 Doesn’t have JC.

14. Shiv Prasad s/o Ramgulam 12 Doesn’t have JC.

15. Khageswar s/o Baktawar Has worked but JC has no entry.

4. Village Panchayat Atia. The workers did not have the Job Cards with them. They were with the Gram Pradhan. The villagers revealed that the only work for which Muster Rolls were made available to the social audit team was not done properly. Work shown has been construction of a road whereas in reality only repair of this road was performed.

Name of Work: Link Road from Atia culvert to Devnathpur border.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Phool Chand 0 21

2. Ram Avtar 0 19

3. Minnu 0 19

4. Rajesh 6 19

5. Rakesh 6 18

6. Afzal 8 21

7. Pramod 2 20

8. Munna 6 21

9. Patani 2 21

10. Shri Ram 7 21

11. Ramjivan 6 19

12. Arvind Kumar 1 19

13. Shri Ram 5 20 16 years of age.

14. Sobran 7 18 17 years of age.

15. Indraprakash 6 19

16. Vishambhar 5 19 Rs. 50 per day paid as wages.

17. Ramsahay 6 19

18. Chotey 6 18

19. Ramprasad 7 19

20. Nanahake 7 19

5. Village Panchayat Atuka. The workers did not have the Job Cards with them. They were with the Gram Pradhan. The Gram Pradhan Reeta Rawat lives in Lucknow with her husband and the panchayat work is managed her relatives. A number of people who are desirous of working are not being issued Job Cards. In the work of 1000 m. drain digging payment of wages have not been made. Sunil Kumar s/o Ram Nath worked for 11 days but hasn’t received his wages. His Job Card No. is 60178. Pramod s/o Ramu hasn’t received payment for 10 days. Similarly, Balram s/o Mahavir too hasn’t received his wages. There was no trace of work of tree plantation done from Primary School to Tikaram Khera.

Name of work: Link road from Tikaram Khera to Chandu’s house.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Rakesh s/o Jagrup 8 14 JC with Pradhan.

2. Guddu s/o Pyarelal 7 14 High School passed, can sign, but thumb impression shown.

3. Ramendra s/o Moolchand 8 14

4. Chota s/o Paragi 6 14

5. Pramod s/o Ramu 8 14

6. Kailash s/o Mitan 7 14

7. Balram s/o Mahavir 5 14

8. Mangu s/o Bhulai 8 14

9. Rampal s/o Chetram 6 14

10. Babu s/o Badlu 8 14

11. Rajesh s/o Raghuraj 6 14

12. Gangaram s/o Mohan 5 14 No entry on JC.

13. Niranjan s/o Ram Narayan 3 14 JC No. 60027.

Name of Work: Tree Plantation from Primary School to Tikaram Khera.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Gangaram s/o Bhagwati 6 7

2. Raju s/o Parsu 4 7

3. Pradeep s/o Shiv Kumar 3 7

4. Rakesh s/o Jagrup 4 7

5. Guddu s/o Pyarelal 6 7

6. Ramdas s/o Moolchand 5 7

6. Village Panchayat Bada Gaon. Instead of the work shown on MR a different work has been performed. The Gram Pradhan is Ramwati but her husband is in charge. Only 23 workers were willing to testify, remaining did not speak in front of the Gram Pradhan’s husband. When Mewa Lal s/o Ganga Prasad asked for work he was threatened. Most Job Cards have been kept by the Gram Pradhan’s husband. Genuine job seekers are not issued the Job Cards and neither given the work. 15 villagers have given a written complaint that their Job Cards are not being given to them.

Name of work: Drain desilting from Akbarpur to Jham Kheda.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Jaleel s/o Yaseen 8 17 Thumb impression on MR fake

2. Koon s/o Majeed 8 17 ,,

3. Khushi Ram s/o Lakshman 8 20 ,,

4. Chainu s/o Ghanai 8 19 ,,

5. Sundar s/o Chainu 8 18 ,,

6. Mahaveer s/o Ram Narayan 2 17 ,,

7. Prem Sagar s/o Babulal 3 19 ,,

8. Chandra Prakash s/o Raghunath 3 18 ,,

9. Jagatpal s/o Lakshman 3 19 ,,

10. Ram Khilawan s/o Jagnu 4 16 ,,

11. Jhaggu s/o Makhan 1 3 ,,

12. Beche Lal s/o Mede 2 16 ,,

13. Asharfi s/o Ram Bux 3 17 ,,

14. Munshi Lal s/o Chande 4 18 ,,

15. Sri Ram 0 19 ,,

7. Village Panchayat Bahlolpur. All the job cards were with the Gram Pradhan. It is an old work which has been shown as new.

Name of work: Earth work and brick road from Siddiquipur crossing to the door of Ram Lakhan.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Chatrapal s/o Hori Lal 4 8

2. Bhondu s/o Shivraj 5 30

3. Chailu s/o Pachcha 8 14

4. Sunil s/o Rajesh 1 4

5. Naresh s/o Ram Swaroop 5 37

6. Ayodhya s/o Keshav 0 2

7. Chandrapal s/o Prahlad 0 12

8. Awdhesh s/o Mishri 4 9

9. Girija s/o Munnilal 0 8

10. Tika Ram s/o Parsu 0 12

11. Rajesh s/o Pachcha 0 9

12. Pappu s/o Guru 0 12

13. Sushil s/o Raj Kumar 0 13

14. Suraj Pal s/o Murali 0 15

15. Ram Kishore s/o Ram Charan 0 16

16. Buddha s/o Badlu 0 16

17. Sone Lal s/o Maiku 0 13

18. Om Prakash s/o Ram Charan 20 24

19. Munne s/o Sukhrati 10 14

20. Suresh s/o Ram Charan 20 24

21. Shailesh s/o Surya Pal 18 22

22. Kallu s/o Keshav 0 22

23. Shiv Pal s/o Ram Gopal 0 22

24. Rakesh s/o Matai 0 22

25. Santu s/o Ganga 0 22

26. Ram Khilawan s/o Hori 8 22

27. Mushtaq s/o Shera 0 22

28. Ram Shankar s/o Ram Swaroop 15 22

29. Lalta s/o Raghubir 15 22

30. Sundar Lal s/o Siya Ram 10 22

8. Village Panchayat Behender Khurd. None of the villagers possessed their Job Cards. When they ask the Gram Pradhan for it, he says that the Pradhan is supposed to keep all the job cards. The Gram Pardhan, VDO and the Panchayat Mitra have done nothing to make people aware about the NREGA. Two women and four physically challenged persons have given a written statement that even though they were interested in working they have been denied Job Cards.

Name of work: Drain desilting from Chandela to Gaurela.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on Muster Roll Comments

1. Ram Jivan s/o Bhikhari 25 28

2. Munna s/o Rajaram 10 12

3. Radhey s/o Bhikhari 4 12

4. Gangaram s/o Devi 5 7

5. Ram Autar s/o Kanhai 6 8

6. Raj Kumar s/o Shivram 9 12

7. Bhagwandin s/o Chedi 8 15

8. Kamlesh s/o Rajaram 18 28

9. Ram Bilas s/o Sriram 7 11

10. Sarvesh s/o Rajaram 6 8

11. Ram Balak s/o Bhikhari 15 27

12. Daya Shankar s/o Darshan 13 16

13. Gaya Prasad s/o Bhagirath 0 12

14. Devi Gulam s/o Bishambhar 0 12

15. Bode s/o Sarju 0 12

16. Vinod s/o Rampo 0 12

17. Ramu s/o Ram Bharose 0 12

18. Bhaiyya Lal s/o Bahadur 0 12

19. Nand Kumar s/o Raghubir 0 12

20. Putani s/o Sarju 0 12

21. Putti Lal s/o Ram Autar 0 12

22. Sarvesh s/o Rajju 0 12

23. Mahesh s/o Babulal 0 12

24. Mihi Lal s/o Bhagirath 0 12

25. Sharafat s/o Suleman 10 12

26. Mahipal s/o Maiku 10 12

27. Dhurv s/o Radheylal 8 20

28. Range Lal s/o Bhagwandin 6 16

29. Shravan s/o Chanda 6 8

30. Anil s/o Narayan 3 20

31. Khushi Ram s/o Mansa Ram 15 36

32. Sripal s/o Radhey 6 20

33. Suresh s/o Ram Gulam 6 28

34. Narayan s/o Fakire 13 20

Name of work: Brick road from the door of Sarju to north going outside village.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on Muster Roll Comments

1. Shivdas s/o Chotelal 7 10

2. Narayan s/o Hiralal 0 10

3. Ramjeevan s/o Bhikhari 8 10

4. Gangaram s/o Devi 8 10

5. Ram Autar s/o Kanhai 0 10

6. Ram Sagar s/o Bhagwandin 5 10

7. Rajkumar s/o Shivram 4 10

8. Bhagwandin s/o Choti 4 10

9. Ram Bilas s/o Shriram 5 10

10. Sarvesh s/o Rajaram 8 9

11. Khalari s/o Rajaram 0 9

12. Ram Balak s/o Bhikhari 7 10

13. Bode s/o Sarju 0 10

14. Vinod s/o Rampo 0 10

15. Bhaiyya Lal s/o Bahadur 0 4

16. Nandkumar s/o Raghubir 0 9

17. Putani s/o Sarju 0 10

18. Mahesh s/o Babulal 0 10

19. Mihilal s/o Bhagirath 0 8

20. Dhruv s/o Radheylal 5 10

21. Mayaram s/o Moolchand 0 10

22. Khushi Ram s/o Mansa Ram 0 10

Name of work: Earth work and brick road from the door of Munish to the door of Shamshad.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on Muster Roll Comments

1. Shivdas s/o Chote Lal 2 4

2. Narayan s/o Hira Lal 0 4

3. Suresh s/o Devi 0 4

4. Ramjeevan s/o Bhikhari 2 4

5. Munna s/o Rajaram 2 4

6. Gangaram s/o Devi 2 4

7. Challu s/o Jagatpal 2 4

8. Ram Sagar s/o Bhagwandin 3 4

9. Ram Bilas s/o Sriram 3 4

10. Sarvesh s/o Rajaram 0 4

11. Khalari s/o Rajaram 2 4

12. Ram Balak s/o Bhikhari 2 4

13. Manoj s/o Radhey Lal 3 4

14. Daya Shankar s/o Darshan 0 4

15. Sripal s/o Radhey 2 4

16. Mayaram s/o Moolchand 0 4

17. Khushi Ram s/o Mansa Ram 0 4

18. Suresh s/o Ram Gulam 0 4

19. Narayan s/o Fakire 0 4

9. Village Panchayat Bidaura. Villagers don’t have Job Cards. The Job Cards are with the Gram Pradhan. Wage payments were made at the rate of Rs. 50 per day.

Name of work: Link road from Main road to Rudra border

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Ramdutt 8 14

2. Changa 1 14

3. Ramdulare 12 14

4. Shivshanker 3 14

5. Santosh Kumar 8 14

6. Ram Prasad 6 14

7. Sanjay 5 7

Name of work: From Main road to Virendra Door

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Shivshankar s/o Sohanlal 0 7

2. Ramdutt 3 7

3. Changa 2 7

4. Ram Dulare 3 7

5. Ramprasad 3 7

6. Deshraj 6 7

10. Village Panchayat Birauli. The labourers have got Rs. 55 per day as wages. While labourers were being interviewed the Gram Pradhan and his father started threatening the workers as a result of which a number of them could not make their statements for record. All the Job Cards were with the Gram Pradhan.

Name of work: Road from the house of Kallu Pandey to Shiv Shankar.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Sajeewan 0 36

2. Nathuni 0 36 Works as tailor.

3. Bauwa 4 36 Literate.

4. Ram Sharan 3 36

5. Nokhai 8 36

6. Ram Dayal 5 36

Name of work: Road from Sarju’s field to Ballapur border.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Sajeewan 0 28

2. Ravindra 0 28 Literate.

3. Kallu 0 28

4. Vijay Pal 0 28 Lives in Ludhiana.

5. Baiju 15 28

6. Bal Krishna 22 28

7. Ram Kumar 20 28

8. Vishram 10 28

11. Village Panchayat Diwari.

Name of work: Desilting of drain from Kushal Khera to Gaudila Talab to Chamraha

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Ashok s/o Maiku 4 14

2. Bhahin s/o Kallu 0 14

3. Mannan s/o Moolchand 7 21

4. Kishanlal s/o Kushhar 6 14

5. Sonelal s/o Jagannath 8 14

6. Javed s/o Nanhe Hasan 7 14

7. Shravan s/o Maiku 8 14

8. Rambhajan s/o Hira 0 14

9. Bechelal s/o Lallu 0 14

10. Satnu s/o Nanhe 7 14

11. Shivkumar s/o Tulsi 4 14

12. Gangaram s/o Nanha 6 14

13. Suresh s/o Ramcharan 18 21

14. Sukhbir s/o Chandrika 10 14

12. Village Panchayat Gauri Damampur. Women are interested in working but because their names are not mentioned on the Job Cards they are not able to obtain work. No physically challenged person has got work either. The Gram Pradhan Shahrana’s son manages the village panchayat work on her behalf. His colleague Prakash Gupta has kept all the Job Cards with him and gives the work to his favourite people. Job Cards were with the Gram Pradhan. The work was being done by contractor. Attendance was taken on a register and not on MR.

S.N. Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Babu s/o Gajju 12 23

2. Naresh s/o Babu 12 16

3. Gaya Prasad s/o Nanha 6 14

4. Santosh s/o Angne 7 8

5. Irfan s/o Mangre 5 9 Got Rs. 50 per day as wages.

6. Mangre s/o Alaraju 6 21

7. Ram Singh s/o Vishram 9 21

8. Chandra Pal s/o Dhani Ram 3 14 Can sign but thumb impression put on MR.

9. Munshi Lala s/o Barati 10 18

10. Satti Prasad s/o Dhani Ram 16 18

11. Maiku s/o Sohan Lal 12 23 Got Rs. 50 per day as wages.

12. Virendra s/o Bihari 10 16

13. Bihari s/o Badri 5 9

14. Ghurai s/o Narayan 5 26

15. Sanjay s/o Ganga Ram 9 14

16. Uma Shankar s/o Ghurai 9 14

17. Bhagwandeen s/o Kehari 8 14

18. Rajesh Kumar s/o Shyam 9 Got only Rs. 200.

13. Village Panchayat Ghughera. The workers did not have the Job Cards with them. They were with the Gram Pradhan.

Name of work: Digging of drain from Maida Talab to Jusu Talab.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Hemraj s/o Maiku 12 18

2. Ramesh s/o Moolchand 10 20

3. Tula s/o Mulla 10 18

4. Manoj Kumar s/o Bechelal 10 20

5. Md. Shabir s/o Shabir 0 21

6. Navi Haider s/o Shakeel Haider 0 19

7. Raji s/o Allahrakhu 0 17

8. Parwan Kumar s/o Bharose 5 20

9. Suresh Kumar s/o Babu 3 18

10. Gangacharan s/o Khagesur 0 18

11. Kallu s/o Farnand Ali 0 18

12. Jakir s/o Hajari 0 17

13. Noorul Hasan s/o Maqbul Hasan 0 21

14. Anis Haider s/o Irshad Ali 0 20

15. Shafikul Hasan s/o Taqdeer Hasan 0 19

16. Shakir Ali s/o Bakar Ali 0 18

17. Ishtekhar s/o Karam Hussain 0 17

18. Shabbu s/o Kallu 0 18

19. Nadir Ali s/o Bakar Ali 0 21

20. Salamat Hasan s/o Allahrakhu 0 20

21 Ali Rehbar s/o Munne 0 17

22. Nabir Ali s/o Bakar Ali 0 20

23. Nadir s/o Hajari 0 21

24. Rakesh s/o Chaudhi 5 17

25. Hariprasad s/o Kadhile 8 14

26. Changaram s/o Khilawan 10 20

27. Deendayal s/o Amam 5 21

28. Ramprasad s/o Khagesur 0 18

29. Suhaib Haider s/o Quaiab Haider 0 18

30. Hemraj s/o Maiku 6 18

31. Mahavir s/o Maiku 10 18

32. Shivraj s/o Ramlal 0 17

33. Gangaram s/o Sarju 7 14

34. Dayaram s/o Banne 5 18

35. Maniram s/o Nandlal 0 12

36. Naresh s/o Moti 0 15

37. Ramcharan s/o Badlu 0 15

38. Ramkumar s/o Gayadeen 0 16

39. Banwarilal s/o Shivdeen 0 14

40. Ishrat Ali s/o Karam Hasan 0 19

41. Mauji s/o Deendayal 2 5

42. Harinam s/o Mihilal 1 3

43. Baldev s/o Ramprasad 0 4

Name of work: Drain desilting from Dubka Talab to Rithwe.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Ramesh s/o Moolchand 4 21

2. Tula s/o Mulla 18 21

3. Mansingh s/o Gangaram 6 22

4. Sunderlal s/o Bhagwandin 6 22

5. Lakshman s/o Mulla 17 21

6. Manoj s/o Bechelal 10 23

7. Mahender s/o Ramkishore 8 22

8. Ramlal s/o Maiku 10 23

9. Shri Ram s/o Cheda 0 21

10. Salman s/o Allahrakhu 0 23

11. Md. Razi s/o Allahrakhu 0 21

12. Anis s/o Irshad 0 23

13. Shakir Ali s/o Bakar Ali 0 21

14. Nadir s/o Bakar Ali 0 22

15. Istekhar s/o Karam Hasan 0 22

16. Ishrat Ali s/o Karam Hasan 0 22

17. Nandlal s/o Sarju 10 22

18. Nabir s/o Bakar Ali 0 23

19. Shabbu s/o Kallu 0 23

20. Jiohaider s/o Shafiq Hasan 0 21

21. Nankaunu s/o Bhima 8 22

22. Bechelal s/o Nankaunu 4 23

23. Kishan s/o Hajari 10 22

24. Hari s/o Bhagga 0 22

25. Ramvilas s/o Bhagga 0 21

26 Ramswarup s/o Chandrika 10 22

27. Babu s/o Chandrika 9 22

28. Thakur Prasad s/o Kalika 7 22

29. Vijay Kumar s/o Bhagwati 12 23

30. Vishveshwar s/o Ram Bharose 16 21

Name of work: Tree Plantation.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Chatarpal s/o Nanha 22 28

2. Pappu s/o Shyamlal 7 30

3. Shakir Hasan s/o Taqdeer Hasan 0 28

4. Anis Haider s/o Irshad Ali 0 30

5. Nurul Hasan s/o Maqbool Hasan 0 30

6. Ishrat Ali s/o Karam Hussain 0 28

7. Shakir s/o Hajari 0 27

8. Kallu s/o Harjung 0 29

9. Jagdish s/o Bhagga 0 28

10. Alok s/o Gokul 0 28

11. Hemraj s/o Maiku 12 29

14. Village Panchayat Ghuspahan. All the Job Cards were with the Gram Pradhan. The thumb impressions and signatures on MR are all fake.

Name of work: Brick road ahead from Prabhu Pasi’s door.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Ram Lotan s/o Meharban 16 24

2. Ram Das s/o Ramai 15 24

3. Munna s/o Parmeshwar 14 24

4. Khushi Ram s/o Gulzari 13 24

5. Udan s/o Fakire 11 24

6. Chanderpal s/o Jairam 10 24

7. Parmai s/o Jhinguri 9 24

8. Gopal s/o Puran 8 24

9. Muninder s/o Shobhran 7 24

10. Shobhran s/o Lekhan 23 24

11. Ram Kumar s/o Ram Prasad 23 24

12. Ram Pal s/o Darshan 23 24

13. Putan s/o Parmeshwar 16 24

14. Rajesh s/o Putti Lal 23 24

15. Vinod s/o Ram Pal 5 24

16. Asharfi s/o Bhudhar 16 24

17. Purushottam s/o Bulari 23 24

18. Chote Lal s/o Dhana 23 24

19. Shivnandan s/o Gauri 0 24

20. Kallu s/o Shankar 23 24

21. Ashok s/o Ram Gulam 16 24

22. Pyare s/o Dhana 23 24

23. Ramesh s/o Bhikha 23 24

24. Balak s/o Kallu 23 24

25. Ram Khilawan s/o Jairam 23 24

26. Mithilesh s/o Shyam Bahadur 0 24

27. Snehi s/o Shyam Lal 0 24

28. Sheetla s/o Khemman 16 24

29. Naresh s/o Kallu 15 17

30. Mohan s/o Bele 15 17

Name of work: Tree plantation.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Shukla s/o Shiv Ratan 0 11

2. Mohan s/o Bele 10 11

3. Vimlesh s/o Shyam Bahadur 0 11

4. Snehi s/o Shyam Lal 0 11

5. Ram Singh s/o Jairam 5 11

6. Shobhran s/o Lekhan 10 11

7. Muninder s/o Shobhran 9 10

8. Gopal s/o Puran 5 10

9. Khushi Ram s/o Gulzari 9 10

10. Ram Das s/o Ramai 9 10

11. Bele s/o Shankar 9 10

15. Village Panchayat Hasanapur. The Panchayat Mitra, whose job it is to help with the NREGS work, has been kept out of the scheme. The Job Cards were distributed just a day before the social audit team visited the village. The issue date of one of the Job Cards has been mentioned as 26/4/05. In this Village Panchayat Ram Autar s/o Gajraj has been issued a blank Job Card. The workers have been made payment at the rate of Rs. 50 per day.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Mahipal s/o Mitan 13 27

2. Chandrika s/o Hori Lal 9 27 Has not signed or put thumb impression on MR.

3. Angne s/o Gulab 5 27 ,,

4. Rajkumar s/o Kadhile 10 27

5. Kamta s/o Sundar Lal 7 27

6. Sumit s/o Putti Lal 10 27

7. Santu s/o Lalta 5 27

8. Ram Chandar s/o Angne 5 27 JC issued on 26/4/05.

9. Kamal Kumar s/o Sundar 7 27 Work was performed by brother Raju.

10. Ramu s/o Khanjan 5 27 Fake thumb impression on MR.

11. Bhagga s/o Munna 13 27

16. Village Panchayat Hiya. The workers did not have the Job Cards with them. They were with the Gram Pradhan Mallan Devi. When the social audit team was interviewing the workers, the fair price shop owner Krishna Kumar and a contractor, acting on behalf of the Gram Pradhan, abused the workers and threatened them for speaking out the truth. Nanhe Lal complained that one day when he arrived 15 minutes late on work site he was asked to go back. Dilawar s/o Sumer denied that he has ever worker even though his names figured on the Muster Roll. Prabhu s/o Ghasite and Ram Pal s/o Ghasite worked for 13 and 12 days, respectively, but haven’t got either their wages or their Job Cards. A total of 12 villagers submitted a written complaint to the social audit team about their Job Cards being taken away from them. Some children were also found to be working at a pond digging site.

Name of work: Road from Karaundi Khera to Jariyari.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Sonelal s/o Guddu 0 20

2. Ramesh s/o Chotelal 0 22

3. Pappu s/o Chotelal 16 25

4. Gayaprasad s/o Munna 0 22

5. Chotelal s/o Sukuru 0 26

6. Munna s/o Gajju 0 18

7. Hannu s/o Gajju 0 21

8. Ramsagar s/o Gajju 0 20

9. Shyamlal s/o Ramdin 0 25

10. Shri Kishan s/o Budhai 0 23

11. Shiv Prasad s/o Shivlal 0 24

12. Badlu s/o Shyamlal 0 24

13. Thakuri s/o Pohkar 0 25

14. Rajender s/o Shyamlal 0 26

15. Makrand s/o Narpati 10 25

16. Shrupal s/o Siyaram 0 26

Name of work: Brick road from Lakshman Chaupal’s to Jodi Chaupal’s.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Kamta Prasad s/o Lekhai 0 5

2. Makrand s/o Narpati 0 6

3. Birendra s/o Mangali 0 5

4. Shyam s/o Ramdin 0 5

5. Md. Ali s/o Maula 0 5

6. Rasali s/o Minna 0 6

7. Ravi s/o Maiku 0 7

8. Ramesh s/o Ramdayal 0 5

9. Thakuri s/o Badlu 0 7

Name of work: Link road from Rajesh’s house to Subba Khera.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Rajpal s/o Ghaseete 0 10

2. Dilawar s/o Sumer 0 9

3. Nanhelal s/o Durjan 0 10

4. Kanhaiya s/o Mulla 0 11

5. Shri Pal s/o Ramlal 0 9

6. Rajesh s/o Subedar 0 10

7. Majnu s/o Ramlal 0 11

8. Laiku s/o Gajodhar 0 12

Name of work: Link road repaired from Shivpal’s field to Karaundi Khera.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Shri Pal s/o Reoti 0 31

2. Gajnu s/o Ramlal 0 28

3. Rampal s/o Ghaseete 0 29

4. Prabhu s/o Ghaseete 10 25

5. Phoolchand s/o Ghaseete 0 28

6. Kanhaiya s/o Mulla 22 29

7. Ramesh s/o Ramlal 15 32

8. Shri Pal s/o Ramlal 22 27

9. Rajesh s/o Subedar 13 29

10. Ramesh s/o Baldev 25 32

11. Ramswaroop s/o Reoti 18 29

12. Ramlotan s/o Moolchand 0 33

13. Rasali s/o Minna 3 32

14. Abbas s/o Minna 8 25

15. Ahmed Ali s/o Maula 0 29

16. Rishi s/o Maiku 14 27

17. Jagdish s/o Baiju 0 29

18. Kamta s/o Lekhai 10 29

19. Ramavtar s/o Gokul 0 30

20. Ghurai s/o Bhudhar 3 23

17. Village Panchayat: Jahidpur. The length shown in records is 1060 m. whereas in reality it is only 1029 m. out of which 410 m. has been constructed earlier with Block Panchayat funds. Of the workers interviewed only two possessed their Job Cards. People were fearful of speaking the truth because of the Gram Pradhan.

Name of work: Link road from Shankar’s house to the river.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual day No. of days on MR Comments

1. Virendra Kumar 0 27

2. Raghubir 0 27

3. Vinod Kumar 8 26 JC shows 19 days of work.

4. Balram 9 27 JC shows 20 days of work.

5. Harikaran 3 27

6. Ram Lal 11 27 Rs. 400 remains to be paid.

7. Mihi Lal 10 26

8. Kamlesh 10 27

9. Suresh 10 27

10. Ramu 10 26

11. Raghubir 11 27

12. Bhagirath 8 27

13. Basant Lal 11 22

14. Ram Khilawan 6 27

15. Ramesh 6 27

18. Village Panchayat Jaraha. About 20 villagers who are outsiders, have migrated to cities or are between 65 and 75 years of age were shown to have performed work on Muster Rolls. People were not informed by the Gram Pradhan of VDO that they have to formally ask for work.

Name of work: Earthwork and brick road from Prabhu’s house to Sriram’s house.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on Muster Roll Comments

1. Ram Kumar s/o Maddar 10 14

2. Kallu s/o Nanhu 5 14

3. Hari s/o Chotai 6 14

4. Sadhari s/o Angnu 10 12

5. Sripal s/o Jagnu 10 14

6. Bhaiyya Lal s/o Churai 8 14

7. Nokhe s/o Bhagwati 9 13

8. Kallu s/o Sadhari 8 14

9. Chetram s/o Natha 6 13

10. Deshraj s/o Ramdeen 5 14

11. Puran s/o Mathura 10 14

12. Sundar Lal s/o Gangadhar 8 14

13. Putti Lal s/o Nanha 7 13

14. Jawahar s/o Bhabhuti 6 14

15. Jilal s/o Bhabhuti 6 13

16. Surji s/o Nanha 7 13

17. Bhoop s/o Bhabhuti 7 13

18. Moolchand s/o Mahaveer 6 13

19. Bablu s/o Motilal 6 13

20. Ramcharan s/o Baldev 0 13 80 years of age.

21. Jahur s/o Bahadur 0 12 Works outside as a driver.

Name of work: Earth work and brick road from behind Junior High School to Dr. Vijay Maurya’s house.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on Muster Roll Comments

1. Sadhari s/o Angnu 6 16

2. Bhaiyya Lal s/o Churai 8 14

3. Kallu s/o Sadhari 10 14

4. Deshraj s/o Ramdin 10 14

5. Puran s/o Mathura 12 15

6. Jilal s/o Bhabhuti 6 14

7. Murali s/o Devidas 6 9

8. Mewa Lal s/o Lallu 0 10 Well off family.

9. Ram Swaroop s/o Maiku 0 5 Works at a brick kiln.

10. Kamlesh s/o Shivlal 0 16 Works in a factory.

11. Mukaddar s/o Bagulibaaj 0 19 Doesn’t live in village. Roams around.

12. Raju s/o Maiku 0 10 Works at a brick kiln.

Name of work: Earth work from Raghuwar’s field to Matru’s field.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on Muster Roll Comments

1. Ram Kumar s/o Maddar 10 14

2. Kallu s/o Nanhu 6 13

3. Sripal s/o Jagnu 5 17

4. Bhaiyya Lal s/o Churai 10 13

5. Nokhe s/o Bhagwati 9 13

6. Chetram s/o Natha 6 13

7. Putti Lal s/o Nanha 6 9

8. Jawahar s/o Bhabhuti 7 13

9. Bhoop s/o Bhabhuti 7 14

10. Moolchand s/o Mahaveer 7 13

11. Bablu s/o Motilal 10 14

12. Chote s/o Girija Shankar 0 14

13. Ram Kumar s/o Mishri Lal 0 13

14. Raj Kishore s/o Ram Swaroop 0 13

15. Baburam s/o Gurudeen 0 12 Possesses 10 bighas of land, tractor, motorcycle

16. Dhyan Das s/o Rampal 10 14

17. Mahendra Singh s/o Mardan Singh 0 14

18. Uday Pratap Singh s/o Bachan Singh 0 13 Cousin of Gram Pradhan

19. Ram Kishan s/o Devideen 0 14 Works as carpenter in Mumbai

20. Shiv Charan s/o Sundar Singh 0 11 Possesses land, gun, motorcycle

21. Sageer s/o Bagulibaaj 0 11 Doesn’t normally live in village

22. Jaleel s/o Bagulibaaj 0 11 ,,

23. Anees s/o Bagulibaaj 0 10 ,,

24. Gurucharan s/o Sukha 0 10 Works at a brick kiln.

19. Village Panchayat Kahchari. All labourers received only Rs. 50 per day as wages. In this village the maximum number of work given to any labourer is for 7 days as against the guarantee of 100 days in the year. Only 8 villagers out of 150 who have been issued Job Cards have got work for 55 person days only. As a result the average work given to a worker in this panchayat during the year is 0.3. The Job Cards have been issued to only people who are close to the Gram Pradhan, most of whom do not need work under NREGS. Hence there is no demand for work. Genuine job seekers have been denied Job Cards.

Name of work: Soling lying from Lalta’s house to Chatrapal’s house.

S.N. Name of villager No. Of actual days No. Of days on MR Comments

1. Balak s/o Mulla 7 7 Received on Rs. 50 per day as wages.

2. Tulsi Ram s/o Cheda 7 7 ,,

3. Shiv Ratan s/o Moti 7 7 ,,

4. Suraj Pal s/o Prakash 7 7 ,,

5. Kanhaiya Lal s/o Kalika 7 7 ,,

6. Rajneesh s/o Ram Sewak 7 7 ,,

7. Ram Gulam s/o Moti 7 7 ,,

8. Mulhe s/o Durjan 6 6 ,,

20. Village Panchayat Kakendua. All thumb impressions and signatures on muster roll are fake. Job Cards were with the Gram Pradhan. Not a single woman’s name listed on the Muster Rolls. Muster Rolls contain names of close relatives of Gram Pradhan who have not worked themselves in reality. Genuine job seekers have not been given Job Cards or work.

Name of work: Drain desilting from Chapuruwa to Harchala.

S.N. Name of villager No. Of actual days No. Of days on MR Comments

1. Ram Khilawan s/o Dullan 17 21

2. Jagdish s/o Jagan 8 14

3. Bharose s/o Dagru 11 12

4. Naresh s/o Nokhe 12 14

5. Bhailal s/o Chhotelal 14 21

6. Putti Lal s/o Prasad 11 14

7. Chhanga s/o Kheman 9 14

8. Ganga Ram s/o Jugga 13 21

9. Rakesh s/o Ram Autar 7 10

10. Jiyalal s/o Bhikhari 9 14

11. Gauri Shankar s/o Vijay Pal 7 21

12. Lekhai s/o Nanhu 17 21

13. Jagan Narayan s/o Chhotta 17 21

14. Rakesh s/o Kanhaiya Lal 15 28

15. Lal Bihari s/o Parmeshwar 17 21

16. Raju s/o Rachla 17 21

17. Ekbal s/o Amzad 21 28

18. Shyamu s/o Nattha 15 21

19. Nand Kishore s/o Nattha 20 21

20. Siyaram s/o Dullu 12 21

21. Raj Kumar s/o Balak 13 28

22. Hori s/o Prasad 13 20

23. Jodhi s/o Parmeshwar 13 21

24. Khusi Ram s/o Hirai 13 28

25. Ramesh s/o Ballar 5 7

26. Bablu s/o Shyamu 5 7

27. Kallu s/o Ratan 5 7

Name of work: Earth work from Canal to Diwan Khera.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Balak s/o Jhodha 0 17

2. Hira lal s/o Prasad 0 17

3. Nand Kishore s/o Nattha 14 17

4. Lalta s/o Teja 7 17

5. Shilu s/o Pappu 0 25

6. Pappu s/o Jagdish 0 24

7. Munne s/o Dulle 0 24

8. Irfan Ali s/o Sirdar 0 24

9. Nafis Ali s/o Nakhat 0 24

Name of work: Brick road and earth work from Jamalu’s house to the road going east.

S.N. Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Shilu s/o Pappu 0 10

2. Angnu s/o Nanhu 0 10

21. Village Panchayat Karlawan. The workers did not have the Job Cards with them. They were with the Gram Pradhan. Only one woman was given employment at a work site to provide drinking water to the remaining workers.

Name of works: Drain digging work from Rohi pond to Bada pond and earth work and brick road from Haji’s house to Jiman Kheda.

S.N. Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Raju s/o Shyam Lal 28 29

2. Gulzari s/o Kallu 15 51

3. Gangaram s/o Devi Prasad 28 29

4. Hanif s/o Sukhdeo 28 30

5. Om Prakash s/o Gangaram 15 51

6. Manmohan s/o Kallu 20 32

7. Makka s/o Sewa 20 21

8. Dipu s/o Girija Shankar 30 31

9. Gende Lal s/o Mohan 20 45

10. Mushtaq Ali s/o Abdul 20 21

11. Ghasi Ram s/o Bal Kishan 20 21

12. Ambar Pal s/o Dan Chand 20 33

13. Hemnath s/o Hira 20 33

14. Puttilal s/o Kallu 20 21

15. Naresh s/o Balak 20 34

16. Rambux s/o Baiju 20 34

17. Saroj s/o Ram Karan 20 23

18. Shayam Lal s/o Maiku 20 22

19. Kamlesh s/o Hira Lal 20 21

20. Sunder s/o Tula 20 44

21. Girjashankar s/o Chandrika 20 21

22. Bhagwandin s/o Dwarika 20 21

23. Munish s/o Subedar 20 38

24. Mangu s/o Kallu 20 26

25. Budha s/o Chotle Lal 20 28

26. Mahavir s/o Pachcha 15 51

27. Inderpal s/o Sohan 20 39

28. Radheylal s/o Kallu 20 49

29. Shivram s/o Fakire 10 11

30. Manohar s/o Lakshman 10 11

31. Shivratan 10 11

22. Village Panchayat Kharika.

Name of work: Link road from Rajepal’s house to Nabiapur.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Munnilal s/o Udil 0 14

2. Bodhlal s/o China 0 14

3. Raj Kumar s/o Kallu 0 14

4. Manna Lal s/o Lalla 0 14

5. Kallu s/o Zalim 0 14

6. Shailendra s/o Shyam Lal 12 14

7. Rakesh s/o Lalta 12 14

8. Mangu s/o Jodhi 0 14

9. Ashok s/o Pancham 0 14

10. Jagroop s/o Ramnath 0 14

11. Deshraj s/o Sitaram 0 14

12. Manohar s/o Ram Swaroop 13 14

13. Vijay Pal s/o Sri Ram 0 14

14. Ram Kumar s/o Guru Sahai 0 14

15. Ram Asre s/o Ganga Ram 0 14

16. Khushi Ram s/o Ram Swaroop 0 14

17. Ram Balak s/o Bhagwati 0 14

18. Chedi Lal s/o Vishwanath 13 14

19. Raj Kumar s/o Guru Sahai 0 14

20. Bhagwandeen s/o Madari 0 14

21. Balak Ram s/o Nanda 0 14

22. Premchand s/o Raghuwar 0 14

23. Sanjay s/o Khemal 0 14

24. Gaya Ram s/o Shiv Ram 0 14

25. Ram Pal s/o Shiv Ram 0 14

26. Gaya Prasad s/o Devi Gulam 0 14

27. Chote Lal s/o Chetram 0 14

28. Sujit Kumar s/o Devi Gulam 0 14

29. Bramha s/o Chote Lal 0 14

30. Babu s/o Badlu 0 14

31. Matole s/o Babu 0 14

32. Jairam s/o Kadhile 0 14

33. Rajesh s/o Pancham 0 14

34. Chote Lal s/o Mangu 0 14

35. Ranghunandan s/o Sukhlal 12 14

36. Vimal Kumar s/o Gajodhar 0 14

37. Shravan s/o Hari 0 14

38. Uma Shankar s/o Ram Sahai 0 14

Name of work: Link road from Hiya road to Jariyari.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Sant Ram s/o Ram Dayal 12 14

2. Chandra Pal s/o Natha 0 14

3. Ram Khilwan s/o Chotu 0 14

4. Kamta s/o Kewal 12 14

5. Dulam s/o Natha 0 14

6. Nanhakke s/o Moolchand 0 14

7. Roop Chand s/o Bhagwati 0 14

8. Ram Nath s/o Sita Ram 0 14

9. Rajesh s/o Ram Swaroop 0 14

10. Amar Pal s/o Rajaram 0 14

11. Dashrath s/o Lala 0 14

12. Maheshwar Prasad s/o Vishram 0 14

13. Jagjeevan s/o Ram Nath 0 14

14. Rajendra s/o Lalta Prasad 0 14

15. Vishram s/o Sita Ram 0 14

16. Mansoor s/o Gani Ahmad 13 14

Name of work: Link road from Hiya main road to Jariyari.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Mangu s/o Hazari 0 25

2. Ramesh s/o Kishan 0 26

3. Ram Sewak s/o Dubari 0 26

4. Shivraj s/o Maiku 0 26

5. Siya Ram s/o Nanhakke 0 26

6. Sirdar s/o Hazari 0 26

7. Chote Lal s/o Sukhru 0 25

8. Rakesh s/o Ram Sewak 0 27

9. Ram Pal s/o Rupan 0 26

10. Gajodhar s/o Sripal 0 26

11. Chandrika s/o Angnu 0 26

12. Izahar s/o Mangu 0 25

13. Santosh s/o Ram Sahai 0 27

14. Beche Lal s/o Subedar 0 26

15. Bhullu s/o Sukhru 0 27

16. Babu s/o Gobare 0 27

17. Dayaram s/o Sriram 0 26

18. Ram Kishore s/o Kedar 0 25

Name of work: Brick road from the house of Suresh to house of Raheem.S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Shiv Raj s/o Maiku 0 8

2. Ram Kishore s/o Hazari 5 8

3. Daya Ram s/o Sri Ram 0 8

4. Santosh s/o Ram Sahai 0 8

5. Izahar s/o Mangu 0 8

Name of work: Brick road from the house of Moti to house of Raghunandan.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Uma Shankar s/o Bhola 0 7

2. Chote Lal s/o Mangu 0 6

3. Hemraj s/o Mangu 0 6

4. Makarand s/o Chaudhary 0 6

5. Dulam s/o Parasu 0 6

6. Mishri Lal s/o Mulla 0 6

7. Mihi Lal s/o Chauhary 0 7

Name of work: Brick road from Arjun’s house to the north of village.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Vishram s/o Sita Ram 0 7

2. Subhash s/o Lalchand 0 6

3. Rupendra s/o Bhagwati 0 7

4. Ram Nath s/o Sita Ram 0 7

5. Ram Balak s/o Bhagwati 0 7

6. Kishori Nanda s/o Bhagwati 0 7

7. Khushi Ram s/o Ram Swaroop 0 7

8. Chote Lal s/o Chetram 0 7

9. Ram Pal s/o Shiv Ram 0 6

10. Gaya Prasad s/o Devi Prasad 0 7

11. Kallu s/o Zalim 0 6

12. Shailendra s/o Shyam Lal 0 6

Name of work: Link road from Chamrahia to Godwa Bhoop.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Surendra s/o Hazari 0 14

2. Heera Lal s/o Prasadi 0 14

3. Kamlesh s/o Prasadi 0 14

4. Ram Kumar s/o Kallu 0 14

5. Shiv Kailash s/o Bhola 0 14

6. Chandar s/o Hulasi 0 7

7. Ram Prakash s/o Khanna 0 14

8. Chandrika s/o Minna 0 14

9. Tika Ram s/o Bedil 0 14

10. Arbi s/o Hazari 7 14

Name of work: Link road from Wazirabad to Alahar.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Jaipal s/o Gayari 0 14

2. Ram Kumar s/o Illa 0 14

3. Gajraj s/o Pancham 0 14

4. Kishan s/o Munnilal 0 14

5. Madari s/o Kadhile 13 14

6. Amarpal s/o Rajaram 0 14

7. Arabi s/o Hazari 0 13

23. Village Panchayat Kudauni. All thumb impressions and signatures on muster roll are fake. The Job Cards are with the Gram Pradhan. Gram Pradhan Ganga Dei’s husband Gaya Prasad, who runs the show here, revealed that because of dispute over sharing of ‘commission,’ the VDO and other officials were not preparing the work estimates. The present and the immediate past Gram Pradhans have been from village Hussainpur, hence the development works in Kudauni village have been neglected.

Name of work: Drain digging from Palia bridge.

S.N. Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Moolchand s/o Mohan Lal 20 24

2. Sukh Lal s/o Kalika 20 24

3. Jilal s/o Nanha 20 24

4. Ram Swaroop s/o Nanha 18 22

5. Ram Swaroop s/o Shivram 21 23

6. Chotai s/o Mathuri 20 24

7. Mangu s/o Hirai 18 24

8. Munna s/o Mathrui 20 22

9. Rakesh s/o Ram Autar 19 22

10. Kallu s/o Kalika 20 21

11. Rajendra s/o Fakire 20 22

12. Jagrup s/o Maiku 21 23

24. Village Panchayat Madar. Muster Roll is filled not at the work site but later by the Pradhan of the Village Development Officer. The entries of MR, JC and actual testimony of workers are all different from each other. In the drain desilting work only grass was removed superficially. Most of the villagers were not willing to speak out because of the fear of Gram Pradhan.

Name of work: Drain desilting from Usraila pond to Madar culvert and link road from habitation to Baiju’s field.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Rohan 4 13

2. Rajkumar 12 24

3. Ashok 11 16

4. Surendra 5 13

5. Sri Ram 9 16

6. Ram Pal 5 11

25. Village Panchayat Pilakhni.

Name of work: Link road from Asahi road to Pancham Khera.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Ashok s/o Jairam 10 14

2. Jaipal s/o Gulzari 6 14

3. Putai s/o Mehmood 0 14

4. Ramdas s/o Lallu 0 14

5. Radheylal s/o Lakshman 0 14

6. Chotte s/o Jagannath 0 14

7. Moolchand s/o Lokai 0 14

8. Mahesh s/o Bhogai 0 14

9. Ashok s/o Shanker 7 14

10. Ahibaran s/o Bhabhuti 8 14

11. Dubar s/o Kallu 12 14

12. Jeje s/o Horilal 4 14

13. Ramchandra s/o Nandlal 4 14

14. Daulat s/o Radhey 0 14

Name of work: Brick road between main passage to Natha’s House.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Bateshwar s/o Nandu 0 7

2. Vinod s/o Ramprasad 0 7

3. Brijlal s/o Rambaksh 0 6

4. Ramcharan s/o Pohkar 0 6

Name of work: Brick road from Asahi road to Chotte Maurya

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Shivpal s/o Sukhe 0 3

2. Jodhi s/o Baksh 0 3

3. Suresh s/o Pohkar 0 3

Name of work: Link road from Padari to Asahi road.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Suraj s/o Saharey 0 14

2. Rajkumar s/o Bhupat 0 14

3. Pappu s/o Nandlal 0 14

4. Chander s/o Babu 0 14

5. Kadhile s/o Mahadev 0 14

6. Prakash s/o Tilak 0 14

7. Ramsewak s/o Puttilal 0 14

Name of work: Link road from Asahi road to Govind Khera.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Raju s/o Shivprasad 0 8

2. Jagnu s/o Bhup 0 8

3. Rajesh s/o Kudari 0 8

4. Kamlesh s/o Shivram 0 8

5. Khushiram s/o Kishori 0 8

6. Ramsagar s/o Kundali 0 8

26. Village Panchayat Raison. The Gram Pradhan, Mulla Maurya, is not in control of the Panchayat which is actually controlled by his employer former Pradhan Kiran Gupta. The wages were paid only at the rate of Rs. 50 per day. The workers have affixed the photographs on the Job Cards at their own expense. Names of women are not mentioned on the Job Cards. In a pond digging work two supervisors were appointed for 15 workers. Some children were also found to be working. There are no boards with description at work sites.

Name of work: Link Road from Nanhakke’s house to Bandhua Mau road.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on Muster Roll Comments

1. Tejpal s/o Jurakhan 0 13

2. Ramesh s/o Bechan 0 7

3. Shishu Pal s/o Hari Ram 0 16

4. Mahendra s/o Sripal 0 9

5. Chote Lal s/o Bechan 0 7

6. Chote Lal s/o Bhagwandin 0 16

7. Sher Singh s/o Bhagwandin 0 7

8. Satti Ram s/o Sita Ram 0 9

9. Bablu s/o Lalta 0 9

10. Ramdeen s/o Sripal 0 10

11. Kiran s/o Bechan 0 7

12. Rajendra s/o Jurakhan 0 7

13. Ashok s/o Ram Sewak 0 13

14. Nanhakke s/o Bechan 0 16

15. Vijay s/o Jurakhan 0 16

16. Gangaram s/o Diggaj 0 8

17. Jagdish s/o Tote 0 9

18. Shankar Lal s/o Gajodhar 0 7

19. Panchu Lal s/o Lalta 0 16

20. Chandra Gupta s/o Shyam Manohar 0 9

21. Babu s/o Deva 3 9

22. Manoj s/o Gulli 0 9

23. Chandrika s/o Lekhan 0 9

24. Rakesh s/o Gokaran 0 8

Name of work: Link road from Chetai’s field to Thakur Prasad’s field.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on Muster Roll Comments

1. Ramdeen s/o Sripal 25 31

2. Radhey s/o Bechan 20 31

3. Kiran s/o Bechan 0 31

4. Jairam s/o Mangu 8 31

5. Anand Kumar s/o Ram Swaroop 6 31

6. Mahesh s/o Ram Bilas 18 31

7. Ashok s/o Ram Sewak 25 31

8. Nanhakke s/o Bechan 28 31

9. Vijay s/o Jorakhan 18 31

10. Chetram s/o Makka 25 31

11. Jagdish s/o Tote 21 31

12. Sushil s/o Rupan 8 31

13. Tejpal s/o Jorakhan 15 31

14. Ram Naresh s/o Madhai 20 31

15. Ramesh s/o Bechan 15 31

16. Shishupal s/o Bechan 8 31

17. Mahendra s/o Sripal 25 31

18. Raju s/o Panchu 25 31

19. Chote Lal s/o Bechan 25 31

20. Dilip s/o Ram Sewak 25 31

21. Chote Lal s/o Ramdeen 15 31

22. Sher Singh s/o Bhagwandin 25 31

23. Panchu s/o Lalta 20 31

24. Bablu s/o Lalta 22 31

Name of work: Road from the field of Om Prakash Deewan to the house of Mansa.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on Muster Roll Comments

1. Tejpal s/o Jorakhan 0 16

2. Ram Naresh s/o Madhai 0 7

3. Ramesh s/o Bechan 0 7

4. Shishu Pal s/o Hari Ram 0 7

5. Mahendra s/o Sripal 0 7

6. Raju s/o Panchu 0 7

7. Chote Lal s/o Bhagwandeen 0 16

8. Ram Charan s/o Bechan 0 16

9. Panchu s/o Lalta 0 16

10. Bablu s/o Lalta 0 7

11. Ramdeen s/o Sripal 0 7

12. Kiran s/o Bechan 0 16

13. Rajendra s/o Jorakhan 0 6

14. Jairam s/o Mangu 0 5

15. Keshav s/o Lalta 0 7

16. Mahesh s/o Ram Bilas 0 7

17. Ashok s/o Ram Sewak 0 16

18. Nanhakke s/o Bechan 0 15

19. Vijay s/o Jorakhan 0 16

20. Cheta Ram s/o Makka 0 14

21. Jagdish s/o Tote 0 7

22. Anil s/o Rupan 0 15

23. Shankar s/o Gajodhar 0 7

24. Radhey s/o Bechan 0 7

Name of work: Link road from Lalta Pasi’s field to the house of Sundar Pasi.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on Muster Roll Comments

1. Tejpal s/o Jorakhan 5 33

2. Ram Naresh s/o Madhai 8 26

3. Ramesh s/o Bechan 20 33

4. Shishu Pal s/o Hari Ram 25 35

5. Chote Lal s/o Bechan 25 31

6. Dilip s/o Ram Sewak 20 33

7. Chote Lal s/o Bhagwandeen 20 33

8. Sher Singh s/o Bhagwandeen 25 31

9. Ram Charan s/o Bechan 22 33

10. Panchan s/o Lalta 22 33

11. Ramdeen s/o Sripal 20 33

12. Radhey s/o Bechan 20 33

13. Rajendra s/o Jorakhan 22 33

14. Jairam s/o Mangu 0 33

15. Anant Kumar s/o Ram Swaroop 0 7

16. Keshav s/o Lalta 10 33

17. Mahesh s/o Ram Bilas 12 26

18. Ashok s/o Ram Sewak 23 33

19. Nanhakke s/o Bechan 18 33

20. Vijay s/o Jorakhan 15 33

21. Chetram s/o Makka 0 14

22. Jagdish s/o Tote 0 7

23. Shankar Lal s/o Gajodhar 15 33

27. Village Panchayat Rasulpur Aant. None of the provisions of NREGA are being followed neither do the villagers have much knowledge about the scheme. Some of the Job Cards were with the Gram Pradhan.

Name of works: Desilting of drain from Kudia pond to Mehndi pond, link road from Ram Singh’s field to Ram Sahai’s field, link road from Shubhan Kheda to Haroon’s field and drain and brick work from Ibabul’s house to Musharrat’s house.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on Muster Roll Comments

1. Munshi Lal s/o Lachcha 13 36

2. Mahaveer s/o Lachcha 18 43

3. Keshav s/o Lachcha 0 21

4. Toteram s/o Jodhe 1 17

5. Uday Chand s/o Jeje 5 22

6. Raj Kumar s/o Chetram 16 21

7. Jagdish s/o Gayari 32 42

8. Rajkumar s/o Puran 1 21

9. Kallu s/o Bhopai 4 28

10. Ram Charan s/o Jilla 2 28

11. Ramu s/o Munni Lal 15 35

12. Ram Kumar s/o Shimma 18 35

13. Chandra Pal s/o Rupan 15 35

14. Pappu s/o Bhagwandeen 0 14

28. Village Panchayat Rasulpur Bamhnan. The workers did not have the Job Cards with them. They were with the Gram Pradhan. Fake Muster Rolls have been fabricated. The bricks used in road from Gopali’s house to Mahavir’s house are used ones whereas 18,000 new bricks purchased for Rs. 37,500 have been shown. This brick road has merely been repaired.

Name of work: Earth work from Balna culvert to Sirauli culvert.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Kamlesh s/o Jugnu 0 13

2. Rambahadur s/o Ramdayal 0 13

3. Nanhake s/o Ramdayal 5 13

4. Lalji s/o Mitan 5 13

5. Atul s/o Nanhe 0 13

6. Munnilal s/o Sri Kishan 3 13

7. Mahesh s/o Bhanu 5 13

8. Shri Kishan s/o Bandi 3 13

9. Jhabban s/o Ganeshi 4 13

10. Chandrapal s/o Babu 5 13

11. Changa s/o Ganeshi 3 13

12. Ramai s/o Lalta 5 13

13. Kunwar s/o Ganeshi 0 13

14. Deviprasad s/o Udda 0 13

15. Puran s/o Sukuru 0 13

16. Ramavtar s/o Guru 0 13

17. Gende s/o Horilal 10 13

18. Chandrapal s/o Babu 0 13

19. Sarvesh s/o Bhagwati 0 13

20. Kamlesh s/o Kalika 10 13

21. Kamlu s/o Gopali 10 13

22. Ganga s/o Shyamlal 10 13

23. Gayari s/o Birju 10 13

24. Shivprasad s/o Chetram 10 13

25. Rampal s/o Sukuru 1 13

26. Manoj s/o Maniram 10 13

27. Jagrup s/o Diggaj 0 13

28. Mahendra s/o Ghaseete 8 13

29. Mangu s/o Natha 10 13

30. Kamlesh s/o Banke 0 13

31. Sheetlu s/o Dwarika 9 13

32. Guddu s/o Mohkam 10 13

33. Chetram s/o Horilal 10 13

34. Vishnu s/o Tilak 10 13

35. Shailendra s/o Shivlal 10 13

36. Gayaram s/o Kalika 10 13

37. Radhe s/o Prabhu 10 13

38. Ramdevi s/o Hans 10 13

39. Amber s/o Mohkam 10 13

40. Shravan s/o Jakhu 0 13 Lives in Delhi.

41. Guddu s/o Cheda 10 13

42. Nanhe s/o Ramlal 10 13

43. Shivkumar s/o Bandi 5 13

44. Raju s/o Natha 10 13

45. Ramsingh s/o Basant 0 13

46. Naresh s/o Surajbali 4 13

47. Sunderlal s/o Chote 10 13

48. Jagdish s/o Nanha 10 13

49. Guru s/o Maiku 10 13

50. Guddu s/o Babu 0 13

51. Kesar s/o Diggaj 10 13

52. Madhav s/o Jakhru 10 13

53. Ramkhelawan s/o Bhagwati 0 13

54. Mahdeen s/o Rupan 10 13

55. Brij Bhushan s/o Chetram 10 13

56. Satish Kumar s/o Inder 10 13

Name of work: Brick road from Gopali’s house to Mahavir’s house.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Kamlu s/o Gopali 5 7

2. Jagrup s/o Diggaj 5 7

3. Mayaram s/o Kalika 5 7

4. Munni s/o Buddha 0 7

5. Guddu s/o Chedda 5 7

6. Radheylal s/o Prabhu 4 7

7. Satiprasad s/o Indal 5 7

29. Village Panchyat Samodha. All muster rolls were not made available. The muster roll for a pond digging work was not made available at all. Husband of the Gram Pradhan runs the show here. The payments of wages is done not at work site but at Gram Pradhan’s house.

Name of work: Brick road from the house of Dilla Gaddi to the house Babu Gaddi.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on Muster Roll Comments

1. Siya Ram s/o Ram Swaroop 0 3

2. Gauri Shankar s/o Munni Lal 4 5

3. Ram Bilas s/o Munni Lal 3 4

4. Saddique Ali s/o Ali Mohammad 8 11

5. Sri Kishan s/o Mahadeen 4 5

6. Chote Lal s/o Ram Asre 5 7

7. Moti Lal s/o Ram Kishun 5 7

8. Shakeel s/o Zakir 4 6

9. Sripal s/o Bihari 5 7

10. Birender s/o Babu 2 4

11. Suresh s/o Ram Bharose 3 5

12. Munagu s/o Shiv Ratan 5 7

13. Islam s/o Jabir 5 7

14. Shravan Kumar s/o Bansi Lal 4 7

Name of work: Road from the field of Babu Pasi to the field of Ramesh Maurya.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on Muster Roll Comments

1. Juggi Lal s/o Gayari 8 14

2. Siya Ram s/o Ram Swaroop 8 13

3. Govind s/o Nanhu 8 14

4. Lalta s/o Sobaran 0 12

5. Inderpal s/o Nanku 8 12

6. Sita Ram s/o Sukh Lal 9 14

7. Ram Khilavan s/o Munni Lal 4 12

8. Daya Ram s/o Makhan 6 14

9. Saddique Ali s/o Ali Mohammad 10 13

10. Ranjeet s/o Ram Sewak 5 14

11. Sri Krishan s/o Mahadeen 8 14

12. Ram Lakhan s/o Dulari 7 14

13. Raj Kumar s/o Rameshwar 0 4

14. Chandrika s/o Gurudeen 6 13

15. Ram Gulam s/o Sukhlal 7 12

16. Beche Lal s/o Shyamu 9 13

17. Munagu s/o Shiv Ratan 8 14

18. Kamta s/o Anantu 8 14

19. Chatarpal s/o Chote Lal 9 14

20. Sone Lal s/o Bechu Lal 6 14

21. Telpal s/o Mahaveer 0 2

22. Shakir Ali s/o Malangu 8 14

23. Ramu s/o Rajaram 8 12

24. Pachcha s/o Fakire 6 12

25. Lalla s/o Becha 6 14

26. Anees s/o Siddiqui 8 14

27. Prem s/o Bachchu Lal 8 14

28. Narayan s/o Hari 9 13

29. Ikrar s/o Shamsher 6 14

30. Bhai Lal s/o Ramdeen 8 12

31. Sant Ram s/o Sundram 8 12

32. Hasmat Ali s/o Ali Sher 7 12

33. Kripali s/o Rajaram 5 11

34. Mansa Ram s/o Kishenu 7 11

35. Fatima w/o Ali Sher 4 9

36. Mohur Ali s/o Sabir Ali 8 14

30. Village Panchayat Sarehari.

Name of work: Brick road from the house of Gaya Prasad to the corner of Shambhu’s house.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Rajaram s/o Shankar 4 7

2. Sudheer s/o Sant Ram 3 7

3. Mukesh s/o Shiv Dayal 3 7

4. Ajay Kumar s/o Putti Lal 5 7

31. Village Panchayat Serwe. 200 m. long link road was constructed out of which 80 m. has been damaged because of dispute. The width shown in records is more than actual. The Gram Pradhan has given Job Cards to his favourite people and genuine job seekers have been denied Job Cards. Therefore, true demand for work cannot be assessed. On an average only 3.9 days of work has been given to people who have been issued Job Cards. Out of about 700 person days of work the share of women and physically and mentally challenged is zero.

32. Village Panchayat Shahpur Chamraha.

Name of work: Drain desilting from Danna Kheda pond to Sai river.

S.N. Name of villager No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Naresh s/o Ram Swaroop 5 16 Sign on MR fake.

2. Anil s/o Raghuvande 5 13 ,,

3. Mahendra s/o Jagatpal 7 16

4. Kallu s/o Mohan Lal 8 16

5. Gayari s/o Parmeshwar 3 16

6. Suresh s/o Beche Lal 12 16

7. Mahendra s/o Mohan 12 16

8. Mayaram s/o Ghasi 5 16

33. Village Panchayat Sidhwal Malihabad. Gram Pradhan Sarnam confessed that in the road construction work between Natwar Baba and Sidhwal Malihabad he had saved Rs. 3000 out of which he shared Rs. 1600 with the officials. He said that for 9 years he had provided his tractor free of charge to villagers and for the last 3 years his Bolero vehicle in order to win the election. Now he was reaping the benefits of his investment. Sushila Devi, physically challenged daughter of Dwarika Prasad, was denied work by the Pradhan saying that he didn’t have any work to offer for her. In this village panchayat Job Cards have been issued to Ram Chandra s/o Beche Lal as well as Beche Lal s/o Maiku, whereas the age of Ram Chandra has been shown as 35 years and Beche Lal as 48 years. The difference between the ages of father and son is merely 13 years.

S. N Name of villagers No. of actual days No. of days on MR Comments

1. Guddu s/o Noor Mohammad 23 JC with Gram Pradhan.

2. Ram Krishna s/o Chedalal No other family member’s name on JC.

3. Horilal s/o Bihari 5 9 JC with Gram Pradhan

4. Munshilal s/o Lakshman 17 23 Photo on JC with own money

5. Ram Babu s/o Ganga Prasad 11 Photo on JC with own money

6. Ghura s/o Cheda 11 9 days’ work shown on JC

7. Dala s/o Ram Charan 10 JC with Gram Pradhan

8. Rajkumar s/o Maiku 11

9. Ghanshyam s/o Maiku 15 JC with Gram Pradhan

10. Pallu s/o Dayaram 3 Was not allowed to work on fourth day.

12. Vinod s/o Tikaram 40 Photo on JC with own money.

13. Sarwar s/o Abbas 14 26 JC with Gram Pradhan.

34. Village Panchayat Sirauli. The Gram Pradhan Ram Asre Dixit has given a written statement that he was not given any money to meet the expenses for photographs of workers to be affixed on the Job Cards, hence workers had to spend their own money for this purpose.

Jagdish Verma, Ram Sagar Verma, Neelkamal, Keshav Chand, Jaishankar, Ram Bharose, Bhagwandeen, Chandralekha, Suman Gautam, Rambabu, Gayadeen Bharti, Ashok Bharti, Yeshwant Rao, Virendra Singh, Karan Singh, Jitendra Dixit, Srinivas, Ram Naresh, Kamal Kishore, Vinay Kumar, Mahendra Yadav, Chunni Lal, Manoj, Ajay Patel, Usha, Mahesh, Arundhati Dhuru, Sandeep

Asha Parivar

A-893, Indira Nagar, Lucknow-226016

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